CNI5e Ch 13.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ? 2009 Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. * 13.11 Broadcast, Multicast, and Efficient Multi-Point Delivery Broadcast and multicast addresses are useful in LANs because they permit efficient delivery to many computers To understand the efficiency recall that a LAN transmits packets over a shared medium In a typical LAN each computer on the LAN monitors the shared medium extracts a copy of each packet and then examines the address in the packet determine whether the packet should be processed or ignored Algorithm 13.1 gives the algorithm a computer uses to process packets ? 2009 Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. * 13.11 Broadcast, Multicast, and Efficient Multi-Point Delivery ? 2009 Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. * 13.12 Frames and Framing Chapter 9 introduces the concept of framing in synchronous communication systems it is used as a mechanism that allows a receiver to know where a message begins and ends In more general terms, framing refers to the structure added to a sequence of bits or bytes that allows a sender and receiver to agree on the exact format of the message In a packet-switched network, each frame corresponds to a packet A frame consists of two conceptual parts: Header that contains metadata, such as an address contains information used to process the frame Payload that contains the data being sent contains the message being sent and is usually much larger than the frame header ? 2009 Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. * 13.12 Frames and Framing A message is opaque in the sense that the network only examines the frame header the payload can contain an arbitrary sequence of bytes that are only meaningful to the sender and receiver Some technologies delineate each frame by sending a short prelude before the frame and a short postlude after it Figure 13