半导体物理第6次课.pptVIP

Conductivity Conductivity s is the ability to conduct electric current. s=1/r, where r is the resistivity. Both electrons and holes contributes to the conductivity in SM. The higher the concentration of carriers, the higher the conductivity; The more scattering the carriers experience, the lower the conductivity; Mobility of the carriers in EM fields Movements of carriers in EM fields:Random+drift In the following discussions, we take electrons as example. Let field strength=E, and the effective mass of electron is m*, then the accelerator of the electron is Suppose random scattering, i.e., v=0 after each scattering, then we have average speed of carriers where t is the average free time between two consecutive scatterings. Definition of the mobility Mobility m: average speed of carrier under unit field, which is a quantity reflects the easiness of carrier movements in SM. Or Hot electrons—mobility under high field When E103V/cm or so, Since electric field will not affect carrier concentration until E~105V/cm, when E~103V/cm is mainly caused by the change of mobility, i.e., m is not a constant when E E~103V/cm . Dependence of the average drift speed of carriers on E for some SM Reasons for the change of mobility E=0, carrier and lattice are at thermal equilibrium; When E is not too strong, carriers absorb energy from external field, and the speed of the carriers increase. At the same time, part of the absorbed energy give to lattice by scattering process which cause the SM become warm or even hot. When E is very high, the speed of carriers is very fast, so scattering happens so frequently that all the absorbed energy from the external field gives to the lattice. The speed of the carrier no longer increase, which result the decrease of mobility. Classical analogy: A ball free falls from the space: At the begin, when the speed is low, air friction is small, so the speed of the ball increases, but as the speed of the ball reaches a certain value, th