2012级八年制-第三章：细菌的遗传与变异.ppt

Fluctuation test (彷徨试验) The principle of replica plating Conclusion A. Mutation is take place spontaneously and at random. B. Environmental factors such as antibiotics is not the motivation of mutation, the only function of these factors is selection. wild strain (野生株) mutant strain (突变株) forward mutation reverse mutation Mechanism: inhibiting gene mutation is take place in mutant strain. Reverse mutation can take place spontaneously or by induce. (3) 回复突变(Reverse mutation) Suppressor mutation takes place in different gene. Types of reverse mutation Reverse mutation Intragenic suppressor (基因内抑制) Extragenic suppressor (基因间抑制) Suppressor mutation takes place in different site of the same gene. genotype mechanism strain phenotype Before mutatin wild strain sensitive Post-mutation mutant strain resistant Intragenic reversal mutant sensitive suppressor strain Ideograph of reverse mutation Intergenic reversal mutant sensitive suppressor strain 第五节 细菌遗传变异在医学上的实际意义 自学 自学思考题 1.研究细菌的遗传变异在医学实践中有哪些重要意义？ 2.Ames实验的原理和应用。 Questions 1、名词解解 transformataion、conjugation、transduction、lysogenic conversion、protoplast fusion 2、细菌基因转移与重组的几种方式比较 3、质粒DNA基本特性 4、Ames试验的基本原理是什么？此试验是建立在什么理 论基础上？ 5、细菌遗传变异在医学上主要有哪些应用？ 6、从理论上讲质粒与噬菌体对生命科学的研究有何价值？ 各举一例说明之 * * YAO * 第四节 细菌变异的机制 一、基因的转移与重组 1. Basic concept (1) Gene transfer (基因转移) or gene exchange (基因交换 ) The process that DNA transfer from donor to recipient. (2) Gene recombination (基因重组) The process that exogenous DNA integrate with the chromosome of plasmid of the recipient cell , result in the change of the genotype and become a recombinant bacteria. 2. The main ways of gene transfer and recombination： ※ 转化(Transformation) ※ 转导( transduction) ※ 接合(conjugation) ※ 溶原性转换(lysogenic conversion) ※ 原生质体融合( protoplast fu