noun名词详解.ppt

词类 Parts of speech: one of the traditional categories (类别，分类，范畴) of words intended to reflect their functions in a grammatical context. word class / form class Noun: a word that can be used to refer to a person or place or thing Focuses： ◆ count nouns vs non-count nouns (可数名词与不可数名词的区分) ◆ collective nouns (集体名词的用法) ◆ number forms of count nouns (可数名词的数) ◆ genitive case of nouns (名词的属格) 1. classification of nouns 2. functions of nouns 3. plural forms of count nouns 4. non-count nouns + s 5. genitive case of nouns 1.名词在句子中主要充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、介词宾语和同位语。 Work is struggle. We love our motherland. They elected him monitor. They have gone to a concert. You guys should keep quiet. 2.名词有时候在句子中充当状语，大多表示时间、距离、重量、价格、温度和倍数等意义。 He watched TV last night. This box weighed 20 kilograms. 3.名词作定语 1）名词用作定语，通常表示材料、用途或内容等。 a blood type a gold watch a room number a tea cup a war story a peace movement a football match 2）有时候名词作定语要加 –ed 或与名词、形容词、数词组成复合词。表示人或事物的特征、状态。 Among the blind people, the one-eyed man is the king. Many old people dislike the fast-paced modern life. 3) 名词常和数词一起组成作定语的复合结构。有以下三种形式： a) a three-week holiday b) a three weeks’ holiday c) a holiday of three weeks holiday monkey  1） 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： potato tomato negro hero cargo volcano echo kimono piano solo photo　 kilo　dynamo (发电机）auto 　 bamboo studio radio　zoo 　 2） 以f或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时： half　　knife　leaf　 wolf wife　 life　 thief belief　 roof cliff chief safe　 gulf proof 3）沿用古英语的形式（单词的元音发生变化） child---children　 foot---feet　 tooth---teeth mouse---mice　　 louse—lice