关税与非关税壁垒(讲义)教学版.ppt

The benefit of free trade When nations specialize according to the comparative-advantage principle, the level of world output is maximized. The benefit of free trade Every nation can overcome the limitations of its own productive capacity to consume a combination of goods that exceeds the best it can produce in isolation. 我国关税总水平 Prevalence of Protective trade Policy-maker are torn The appeal of greater global efficiency made by free trade The needs of the voting public whose main desire is to preserve short-run interests 中国议题首次成美国大选辩论独立辩题 中国议题首次成美国大选辩论独立辩题 中国议题首次成美国大选辩论独立辩题 § 1 一. The Concept of Tariff Tariff is a tax （duty） levied on products as they move between nations 一. The Concept of Tariff 一. The Concept of Tariff 我国进口税收情况 一. The Concept of Tariff 中国农产品关税远低于世界水平损害粮食产业发展 中国农产品关税远低于世界水平损害粮食产业发展 中国农产品关税远低于世界水平损害粮食产业发展 一. The Concept of Tariff 二. Tariff Welfare Effects Consumer surplus 二. Tariff Welfare Effects Producer surplus 二. Tariff Welfare Effects Small nation A tariff placed on an imported product is shifted totally to the domestic consumer via a higher product price. The small nation’s welfare decreases by the so-called deadweight losses due to a tariff. Large nation A tariff may be partially shifted to the domestic consumer via a higher product price and partially absorbed by the foreign exporter via a lower export price. 三. Effective Rate of Protection 三. Effective Rate of Protection When tariff rates are low on raw materials and components, but high on finished goods, the effective tariff rate on finished goods is actually much higher than it appears from the nominal rate. § 2 一. The Concept of Import quota Quotas are a restriction on the quantity of a good that may be imported in any one period (usually below free-trade levels) 一. The Concept of Import quota Absolute quota Tariff quota 一. The Concept of Import quota Global quota Selective quota Welfare effects Welfare effects 2014年棉花进口关税配额开放申请 2013年1月1日