WTO保障机制我国保障机制的建立.pdfVIP

中 文 摘 要 从1948年1月1日 关税与贸易总协定 的临时适用到世界贸易组织 WTO 成立 10年后的今天 关贸总协定 GATT和WTO多边贸易体制均要求各成员逐 步消除贸易壁垒 开放国内市场 其基本原则就是开放的市场以及全球有序的竞 争将有益于各国福利水平的提高 由于各国之间产业的竞争力 经济水平各不相 同 各国从自由贸易体制中的得益程度不同 据此 GATT和WTO不仅督促各成 员履行关税减让和取消数量限制的义务 同时也对某些成员因履行减让义务而遭 受严重损害的特殊情形予以必要的保障 保障措施条款 作为GATT和WTO多边 贸易体制中的例外措施和主要贸易救济手段 一直受到成员广泛重视 并作为经 济贸易领域中的 安全阀 多次采用 中国加入WTO几年来 随着中国农业 制造业以及服务业等市场进一步开放 后 总体运行趋势良好 但随着中国对外开放的领域越来越多 程度越来越深 中国企业面临的挑战也会越来越大 我们一方面要研究如何运用保障措施以便在 紧急情况下保护国内产业 另一方面 也要做好应对他国对我可能发起保障措施 的准备 掌握WTO保障机制 了解近年来保障措施实施的基本情况和经验 适时 运用WTO规则允许的保障措施 构建完善的保障机制 将有利于我国各行业更好 地面对竞争大潮的冲击 关键词 WTO保障措施 保障机制 summary The philosophy of the multilateral trading system is to enhance the world welfare through trade liberalization and fair global competition. But the WTO never demands its members completely open their markets. While promoting its members to cut tariffs and other trade barriers, the WTO permits many exceptions that can be applied to protect members’ domestic industries under some circumstances. Safeguard measure is one of most common trade remedies, which can be applied when a member’s domestic industry is injured or threatened by fast increasing import. Since the WTO was founded, safeguards has been more and more emphasized and used by many countries as a measure to protect their domestic industries under the condition of liberalization. China’s WTO accession means further opening of domestic markets including agriculture, manufacturing and service industries. In the last three years Chinese national economy and various industries have achieved compelling development while they are facing more and more serious outside challenges. Therefore, we should establish emergent safeguard mechanism for domestic industries at the same time of trade liberalization. This paper studies the Ag