宏观经济学2国民经济循环与国民经济收入理论资料.pptVIP

* 四部门经济 支出：Y=C+I+G+NX 收入：Y=C+S+T+Kr Kr:本国居民对外国人的转移支付 所以 I=S+(T-G)+(Kr-NX) 外国对本国的储蓄 * 第四节 与国民经济核算有关的若干问题 一、闲暇与社会福利 二、非市场性经济活动的价值 三、地下经济活动 四、经济活动对环境的破坏 * GNP（或GDP）的缺陷： 1.没有反映非市场性经济活动的价值; 2.没有反映地下经济活动创造的价值; 3.由于价格水平的差异, 人均GDP指标并不能完全反映不同国家或地区居民生活水平的实际差异;例两国GDP相同，一国产粮食而一国生产歌曲，显然，两国的物质生活水平不一样。 4.人均GDP并不反映一个国家国民收入的分配状况。 5.GDP并不反映一个国家的自然资源拥有情况和环境质量。 课后习题11题 解：（1）国民收入＝雇员酬金＋企业支付的利息＋个人租金收入＋公司利润＋非公司企业主收入＋红利＋社会保险税 ＝1 866.3+264.9+34.1+164.8+120.3＋66.4＋253.0 ＝2769.8（10亿美元） （2）国内生产净值＝国民收入＋间接税 ＝276908+266.3＝3036.1（10亿美元） （3）国内生产总值＝国内生产净值＋资本消耗补偿 ＝3036.1+356.4＝3392.5（10亿美元） （4）个人收入＝国民收入－（公司利润＋社会保险税）＋政府支付的利息＋政府的转移支付＋红利 ＝2769.8－（164.8+253.0）+105.1＋347.5+66.4 ＝2871.0（10亿美元） （5）个人可支配收入＝个人收入－个人所得税 ＝2 551.7－402.1＝2468.9（10亿美元） （6）个人储蓄＝个人可支配收入－个人消费支出 =2468.9－1991.9＝477（10亿美元） * * * The bathtub example is the classic means of explaining stocks and flows, and appears in Chapter 2. * * Point out that a specific quantity of a flow variable only makes sense if you know the size of the time unit. If the slide said “U.S. investment was $1.6 trillion” but omitted “in 2001,” then we wouldn’t know whether the $1.6 trillion was for a whole year, or a quarter or a month. Similarly, if someone told you her salary was $5K but didn’t say whether it was “per month” or “per year” or otherwise, then you’d have no idea what her salary really was. A pitfall with flow variables is that many of them have a very standard time unit (e.g., aggregate investment is almost always given per year. Ditto for salaries.) Therefore, people often omit the time unit: “John’s salary is $50,000.” And omitting the time unit makes it easy to forget that John’s salary is a flow variable, not a stock. Another point: It is often the case that a flow variable measures the rate of change in a corresponding stock variable, as the examples on this slide (and the investment/capital example) make clear. * * You can use this slide to get some class participation. The simple