东喜马拉雅地区多孔菌区系和生态习性.pdfVIP

第 35 卷第 5 期 生 态 学 报 Vol.35,No.5 2015年3月 ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICA Mar.,2015 DOI:10.5846/ stxb201305151067 边禄森,戴玉成.东喜马拉雅地区多孔菌区系和生态习性.生态学报,2015,35(5):1554鄄1563. Bian L S,Dai Y C.Mycota and ecology of polypores in eastern Himalayas.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(5):1554鄄1563. 东喜马拉雅地区多孔菌区系和生态习性 边禄森,戴玉成* 北京林业大学微生物研究所,北京摇 100083 摘要:对东喜马拉雅地区多孔菌区系和生态习性进行了分析,发现该地区多孔菌极为丰富,共有 10 目19科101属372种,其中 优势科为多孔菌科和锈革孔菌科,优势属为木层孔菌属和多孔菌属。 种的区系地理成分可以分为8类,其中北温带类型种类最 多,表明东喜马拉雅地区多孔菌具有明显的北温带区系特征。 该地区的多孔菌有常见种、偶见种、稀有种和濒危种分别为 156、 141、54和21个;有腐生菌304 种、寄生菌49种、菌根菌19种。 在寄主方面,能够生长在被子植物上的有256种,裸子植物上的 有 137 种,既能生长在被子植物,也能生长在裸子植物上的有40 种,地上生长的有19种。 东喜马拉雅地区的裸子植物,特别是 云杉属、松属和冷杉属树木对于多孔菌的生长更重要,因为生长在这些属树木上的多孔菌分别有71、68和51种,高于该地区被 子植物其他属树木上的多孔菌。 关键词:多孔菌;真菌区系;多样性;生态习性 Mycota and ecology of polypores in eastern Himalayas BIAN Lusen,DAI Yucheng* Institute of Microbiology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China Abstract:Polypores are a kind of wood鄄decaying macro鄄fungi. They produce poroid hymenophore,and play essential roles in the natural renewal offorest ecosystemsbecausethey haveabilitytofully decomposelignocelluloseof wood. Most species of polypores belong to the Polyporales, Hymenochaetales, Gloeophyllales,Trechisporale, Corticiales and Thelephorales according to the current taxonomy. Inthisstudy,themycota and ecology of polyporesin eastern Himalayaswere studied.A total of 372 polypore species belonging to 10 orders,19 families and 101genera were recognized. Among the 19 families, Polyporaceae and Hymenochaetaceae,being composed of 138 and 72 species, respectively, are the dominant families. These210 species in the two families account for 56.5% of the total speciesfound in the studied area. Other largefamilies include the Fomitopsidaceae,Meruliaceae and Phanerochaetaceae,comprising 55,29 and 24 species,respectively. The cosmop