lecture 4 英汉互译教程.ppt

~lecture 4~ 繁复与简短 物称与人称 animated subjects or human subject （or 客体与主体） 英语句子比汉语句子长的多，呈句首封闭、句尾开放。定语可以后置，句子可以不断向不断扩展延伸。 因此，严格说来，汉语没有像英语那样的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句、同位语从句等语法概念。 虽然汉语也有句子结构作整个句子的成分（如主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语），其作用相当于英语的从句，但这些句子结构一般都是寥寥数语的小句或主谓词组，整个句子还可以仍然是单句。 句子松散、舒缓、轻松、活泼，显得简短，无冗长之感。 根据上述特点，英译汉时常常要破句重组，化繁为简。 1). In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors. 门口放了一堆雨伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一。 2）There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met. 我访问了一些地方，遇到了一些人。要谈起来，奇妙的事可多着哩。 3) The ample yard in back is dominated by heavily bearing fruit trees. 屋后是个宽敞的院子，大部分都给果实累累的果树占据了。 （偌大的后院，几乎种满了果树，树上果实累累。） 4) If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening does not wish to get into trouble, he will return the umbrella to No.10 Broad Street. He is well known. 上星期日晚，有人曾见某君在市教堂取走雨伞一把。取伞者如不愿卷入纠纷，还是将伞送至布劳德街十号为妙，此君为谁，尽人皆知。 5.Sometimes Mrs. Cross would be walking around in the big kitchen watching him eat. 有时，克罗斯太太一面在大厨房踱来踱去，一面看他吃饭。 6. She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success. 她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。 7. He wanted to tell John how surprised he was at his knowledge but embarrassment made him hold his peace. 他想告诉约翰，他没有料到他的知识这么渊博，但是觉得有些不好意思，没有说出口。 英语注重形合，借助连接手段扩展和组合，形成纷繁复杂的长句；汉语注重意合，结构流散，但语意层次分明。英语长句的汉译常常要采用分解、拆散和重组的变通手段进行灵活处理。 Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural product cannot meet our ever increasing requirement, or more often, because the physical properties of the synthetic, which is the common name for manmade materials, have been chosen and even emphasized, so that it would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied. 人造材料通称为合成材料。许多人造材料正在代替某些天然材料，这或者是由于天然物产的数量不能满足日益增长的需要，或者往往是由于人们选择了合成材料的一些物理性质并加以突出而造成的。因此，合成材料在拟用的领域将具有极大的用途。 汉语的分句或流水句，译成英文的时，常常要化简为繁，组合成复合句或长句 1).因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会是与外界隔绝的。这种隔绝状态，由于通讯工具不足，就变得更加严重了。 The isolation of the rural