汉语时间系统中的“前”、“后”认知和表达.docVIP

汉语时间系统中的“前”、“后”认知和表达 【原文出处】浙江大学学报：人文社科版 【原刊地名】杭州 【原刊期号】200305 【原刊页号】84～91 类 号】H1 类 名】语言文字学 200312 【英文标题】Conceptualization and Expression of qian and hou in Chinese Temporal System????ZHANG Jian-li????(Linguistics and Applied Linguistics Dept.,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China) 【标题注释】［基金项目］浙江大学董氏文史哲研究基金(106601-U20201) 【作 者】张建理 (1953-)，男，上海人，浙江大学外国语学院外国语言学与应用语言学系教授，主要从事语义学、语用学和篇章分析等研究。浙江大学　外国语言学与应用语言学系，浙江　杭州　310058 【摘 要 题】汉语言文字学 Motion and sequence are characteristic of time,which are conceived of in Chinese with the temporally-metaphorized notions of qian(front)and hou (back).Related to these notions is a framework for the analysis of Chinese temporal system.The framework consists of five parameters:the observers orientation,his motion,his position,motion of time and orientation of time.Positioned at the temporal flow,the observer may be right-or left-oriented,giving rise to the corresponding cognitive patterns.It follows that the cognitive determination of future and past depends on the particular orientation the observer takes.This comprehensive theory boasts more descriptive and explanatory power than Yus theory,which,following Lakoff,describes temporal motion and therefore focuses on the right-oriented cognition only.However,with the left-oriented cognition,four sub-cases can be identified and explicated,two of which are deixically-based,and the other two are concerned with non-present sequence.The new theory can account for a large number of data unique to Chinese.Methodologically,it enjoys consistency and practicability as well as generality. 【关 键 词】/时间概念隐喻/汉语时间系统/前后/一词多义cognition/conceptual temporal metaphors/temporal system in Chinese/qian and hou/polysemy 【参考文献】????[1]　李烈炎.时空学说史[M].武汉：湖北人民出版社，1988.[2]　蓝纯.从认知角度看汉语空间隐喻[J].外语教学与研究，1999,(4):7-15.[3]　黄理兵.从语言看时空观念的不平衡性[J].中国语言文学资料信息，2000,(1):12.[4]　周榕.隐喻认知基础的心理现实性[J].外语教学与研究，2001,(2):88-93.[5]　游顺钊.口语中时间概念的视觉表达——对英语和汉语的考察[J].国外语言学，1988,(2):65.[6]　周榕.时间表征的跨文化研究[J].现代外语，2000,(1):25