Chapter 2 Think Like an Economist.pptVIP

2 Thinking Like an Economist 本章内容 关于我们的课程 关于经济学分析方法 关于本学期任务 生产可能性边界 关于我们的课程 微观与宏观 微观经济学 Microeconomics 宏观经济学 Macroeconomics 渺观 微观 介观 宏观 宇观 Microeconomics Microeconomics is the study of the choices made by consumers, firms, and government, and how their choices affect the market for a particular good or service. Macroeconomics 关于经济学分析方法 实证分析与规范分析 实证分析（Positive Analysis） “世界是什么” 规范分析（Normative Analysis） “世界应该是什么” The Economic Way of Thinking Positive economics concerns the forces that affect economic activity, and predicts the consequences of alternative actions. It is the focus of most modern economic reasoning. Normative economics answers the question, What ought to be? Most economists shy away from normative questions. 实证分析与规范分析 王小波先生写道：有人说，朱熹老夫子做了一世的学问，什么叫做“是”（Be），什么叫做“应该是”（Should be），从来没有搞清出过。 前者是指事实，后者是指意愿，两者是有区别的。 关于本学期任务 The Circular-Flow Diagram Diagram: The Circular-Flow Model Factors of Production Factors of Production Natural resources: The things created by acts of nature such as land, water, mineral, oil and gas deposits, renewable and nonrenewable resources. Factors of Production Labor: The human effort, physical and mental, used by workers in the production of goods and services. Factors of Production Physical capital: All the machines, buildings, equipment, roads and other objects made by human beings to produce goods and services. Factors of Production Human capital: The knowledge and skills acquired by a worker through education and experience. Factors of Production Entrepreneurship: The effort to coordinate the production and sale of goods and services. Entrepreneurs take risk and commit time and money to a business without any guarantee of profit. Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is the practice of starting new organizations, particularly new businesses generally in response to identified opportunities. Entrepreneurship is often a difficult undertaking, as a majority of new businesses fail. （本页开始的部分内容摘自） Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurial