微生物检测在医院感染预防控制应用sific教案分析.pptVIP

* * * 我们又用PFGE的方法对这些细菌做了同源性分析。PFGE因为在后面会讲到，这里我们暂时不讲，大家只要知道它是一种同源性分析的方法。 T7、T8的条带基本相同，通常我们认为他们来源相同或相似。而T10和T11的条带有明显差异，所以但从肉眼，就能判断他们没有相关性，来源不同。 * * * * * * * * * Once a pathogen produces infection, antimicrobial treatment may be essential. However, antimicrobial use promotes selection of antimicrobial-resistant strains of pathogens. As the prevalence of resistant strains increases in a population, subsequent infections are increasingly likely to be caused by these resistant strains. Fortunately, this cycle of emerging antimicrobial resistance / multi-drug resistance can be interrupted. Preventing infections in the first place will certainly reduce the need for antimicrobial exposure and the emergence and selection of resistant strains. Effective diagnosis and treatment will benefit the patient and decrease the opportunity for development and selection of resistant microbes; this requires rapid accurate diagnosis, identification of the causative pathogen, and determination of its antimicrobial susceptibility. Optimizing antimicrobial use is another key strategy; optimal use will ensure proper patient care and at the same time avoid overuse of broad-spectrum antimicrobials and unnecessary treatment. Finally, preventing transmission of resistant organisms from one person to another is critical to successful prevention efforts. * * 自发突变很显然属于罕见事件 (1/106 -109个细胞) ,但是这种情况必须放在感染部位细菌的巨大数量及其快速的增长率等背景下来考虑。因此，头孢菌素类药物在体外和临床应用中都会选择肠杆菌属的AmpC去阻遏突变菌株，从而导致今后临床治疗的失败。 20 Ref 20, p 2, Fig1 Ref 20, p 2, C1, Par2, L1-4 ，C2, Par1, L1-4 20. Data on File，MSD * * 【显色培养基】ESBL-ID : 不动杆菌 底部 顶部 * Dr.HU Bijie * * 欧美医院的应用实例 医院中铜绿假单胞菌的环境来源 饮用水（自来水）、蒸馏水 被自来水污染的消毒溶液 水槽、水疗池、涡旋浴缸和涡旋浴缸水疗、水浴槽 震波碎石治疗罐 透析用水 洗眼站 花瓶 管道中残留水分的内窥镜 微生物检验在细菌耐药监控中的应用 抗菌药物 细 菌 人 体 PHARMACODYNAMICS 药效学 INFECTION IMMUNITY SIDE EFFECTS PHARMACOKINETICS 药物动力学 抗菌药物、细菌、人体 RESISTANCE Antimicrobial Resistance恶性循环 * Dr.HU Bijie * 耐药性增加 更广谱 抗菌药物 Susceptible pathogen Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogen Antimicrobia