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二 〇年 六 月尖端科学技术在科学技术领域的发展可谓是突飞猛进，人们对材料的性能要求越来越高，在许多方面，例如在设计导弹、人造卫星、飞机的承载构件时，理想的结构材料应具有重量轻、强度和模量高的特点，即比强度和比模量要高。铝基复合材料各组分之间可协同作用,取长补短，弥补了单相材料的缺点，改进了单相材料的性能，甚至可产生单一材料所不具有的新性能。Al3Nb金属间化合物具有低密度、高模量、高熔点、以及好的循环使用性能等优点，如果应用于铝基复合材料将会产生广泛的应用前景。本文采用原位反应方法制备了Al3Nb/铝基复合材料，利用金相显微镜、维氏硬度计、立式万能磨损试验机对不同熔铸温度下，Al3Nb/铝基复合材料组织、硬度及摩擦磨损性能进行分析，最佳的熔铸温度为850℃，硬度为63.92HV，并且在接触压力为20N、30N、40N、50N、60N下，磨损0.00302g、0.00312g、0.00332g、0.00346g、0.00356 关键词： 单相材料,复合材料, 熔铸温度 Abstract The development is advanced science and technology in the field of science and technology is make a spurt of progress, peoples requirements on the performance of materials is more and more high, in many aspects, such as the bearing structure design of missile, satellite, aircraft, ideal structural material with characteristics of light weight, high strength and modulus, namely the ratio of strength and modulus to high. Can be synergistic effect, the aluminum matrix composite is divided from each other, to make up for the shortcomings of single phase materials, improved the performance of the single-phase materials, new properties and can generate a single material does not have. Al3Nb intermetallic compounds with low density, high melting point, high modulus, and good cycle performance advantages, if used in the aluminum matrix composite material will produce widespread application prospect. In this paper, Al3Nb/ aluminum matrix composites were prepared by in-situ reaction method, using the metallographic microscope, Vivtorinox hardness tester, universal vertical wear test machine to different melting temperatures, Al3Nb/ aluminum matrix composites microstructure, hardness and wear performance analysis, the optimum casting temperature is 850 ℃, hardness is 63.92HV, and the the contact pressure is 20N, 30N, 40N, 50N, 60N, 0.00302g, 0.00312g, wear as 0.00332g, 0.00346g, 0.00356g. Key words: Single phase material, composite, the casting temperature 目 录 引言 1 第一章 绪论 2 1.1复合材料概述 2 1.1.1复合材料的定义和分类 2 1.1.2金属基复合材料的分类和基本性