chapter1 invitation to linguistics 英语语言学.pptVIP

Chapter one  Invitations to Linguistics 2. What this course is about Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics Chapter 2 Speech Sounds (phonology) Chapter 3 Lexicon (morphology) Chapter 4 Syntax Chapter 5 Meaning (semantics) Chapter 6 Language in Use (pragmatics) Chapter 7 Language, Culture, and Society Chapter 8 Theories and Schools of Modern Linguistics What is linguistics？ Linguistics is generally a scientific study of language. It is a major branch of social science. Linguistics studies not just one language of any society, but the language of all human society, language in general. 语言学是对语言进行科学地研究的学科。它所研究的并不是某种特定的语言，而是人类所有的语言的共性。 What makes linguistics a science？ Lingusitics investigates not any particular language, but language in general. Linguistic study is scientific because it is based on the systematic investigation of authentic language data. No serious linguistic conclusion is reached until after the linguist has done the following three things: observing the way language is actually used, formulating some hypotheses, and testing these hypotheses against linguistic facts to prove their validity. What makes linguistics a science A scientific study is one which is based on the systematic investigation of data, conducted with reference to some general theory of language structure. observation------generalization------hypothesis------tested by further observation------theory Main branches of linguistics Phonetics the production of speech, 语音学 Phonology studies the rules governig the structure ,the sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables. 音系学 Morphology the internal organization of words, the minimal units of meaning – morphemes and word-formation process. 形态学 Syntax principles of forming and undrstanding correct English sentences 句法学 Semantics How meaning is encoded in a language语义学 Pragmatics the study of meaning in context.语用学 Psycholinguistics the interrelation of language and mind i