第1章船舶结构和驾驶台设备.docVIP

Chapter 1 the Ship’s Structure and Bridge Equipments Ship’s Structure The foremost part is called the bow and the rearmost part is called stern. When standing in a ship and facing the bow，the left-hand side is called port side and the right-hand side is called the starboard side. All permanent housing above the main deck is known as superstructure. At the fore end is the forecastle. At the after end is the poop. The main part of a ship is the hull. This is the area between the main decks，the sides and the bottom. It is made up of frames covered with plating. The hull is divided up into a number of watertight compartments by decks and bulkheads. Bulkheads are vertical steel walls going across the ship and along. Decks divide the hull horizontally. Those dividing up cargo spaces are known as tween-decks. The hull contains the engine room，cargo space and a number of tanks. In dry cargo ships the cargo space is divided into holds，in liquid cargo ships it is divided into tanks. At the fore end of the hull are the fore-peak tanks and at the after end the after peak tanks. They are used for fresh water and water ballast. The space between the holds and the bottom of the hull contains double bottom tanks. These are used for ballast water and fuel. 第1章 船舶结构和 驾驶台设备 船舶结构 船舶最前部分称为船首，最后部分称为船尾。面向船首站在船上，左手一侧称为左舷，右手一侧称为右舷。 主甲板以上的所有永久性结构称为上层建筑。在前端是艏楼。在后部是艉楼。 船舶的主要部分是船体。这是主甲板、翼板和船底围成的区域。它是由覆盖有船壳板的肋骨构成的。船体由甲板和舱壁分成许多水密分舱。舱壁是纵横竖直钢质围壁。甲板水平分隔船体。划分货物空间的甲板称为二层甲板。船体包括机舱、货物舱位和一些液体舱。在干货船上，货物舱位被分成货舱，在液货船上货物舱位被分成液货舱。在船体的首端是艏尖舱，尾端是艉尖舱。它们是用于装淡水和压载水的。船体的货舱和船体之间的空间是双层底。它们是用于装压载水和燃料的。 (be made up of…由……构成) (watertight compartment 水密分舱) (the fore-peak tank 艏尖舱) (the after peak tank 艉尖舱) (double bottom tank 双层底舱) The main deck covers the cargo spaces or holds. There are openings cut in the deck，and these penings are the hatches，one to each hold. Ships use either cranes or derrickslift the cargo into the hold and discharge it. A derrick is simply a strong boom，made of steel or wood，that can swing