2015药用植物学教案-叶的形态与结构.ppt

Chapter 6 The Leaf Functions Form and Modifications Structures Functions Photosynthesis Respiration Transpiration Storage Form Three parts: Leaf blade Petiole Stipule Complete, Incomplete Leaf Types Simple leaf the blade is all in one piece, though it may be lobed, toothed, etc. Compound leaf the blade is divided all the way to the midrib (rachis) into two or more pieces (leaflets). Pinnate, Palmate, Unifoliate The Difference between a Stem with Simple Leaves and a Compound Leaf 1. The tip of the rachis never has a terminal bud. 2. Leaflets never bear buds in their axils. 3. Leaflets all lie in the same plane. 4. The rachis falls off with leaflets. The Leaf Morphology Leaf shapes Leaf margins Leaf apices Leaf bases Leaf lobes Leaf venation Leaf texture The Difference between Leaflets and Lobes Petiolules: exist or not Rachis: exist or not Arrangement: symmetric or not Shapes and Size: similar or not The Phyllotaxis General rule: mosaic arrangement 互生 Spiral (Alternative) 对生 Opposite 轮生 Whorled 簇生 Fascicled The Modified Leaves 苞片 Bracts 鳞片 Scales 叶刺 Spines (Thorns, Prickles) 叶卷须 Tendrils 叶状柄 Phyllodes 捕虫叶 Insect traps 异型叶性 Heterophylly 叶的内部结构 表皮 Epidermis 叶肉组织 Mesophyll 维管组织 Vascular tissues 两种类型: 两面叶 Bifacial leaves: 水平伸展 等面叶 Isolateral leaves: 垂直伸展 表皮 Epidermis 组成： 扁平、板块状的表皮细胞；保卫细胞；表皮毛 气孔的分布： 两面叶：单侧性分布 等面叶：对称性分布 叶肉组织 Mesophyll 两面叶： 栅栏组织 Palisade mesophyll 海绵组织 Spongy mesophyll 等面叶： 同型叶肉组织 维管组织 Vascular Tissues 中脉与侧脉： 维管束鞘 初生韧皮部（下） 初生木质部（上） 小叶脉： 逐渐简化 Leaf bases Leaf lobes Leaf venation 苞片 Bracts 苞片 Bracts 鳞片 Scales 鳞片 Scales 叶刺 Spines 叶卷须 Tendrils 叶状柄 Phyllodes 捕虫叶 Insect traps 捕虫叶 Insect traps 薰衣草叶 Lavender Leaf Lavender-leaf 花生叶 Pea Leaf Stoma, Vicea sp. (SEM x3,520). Cross-Section Through a Stomata Subsidiary cell Guard cell Substamatal chamber * Leaf blade Petiole Stipule Simple Leaf Compound Leaf Leaf shapes Leaf shapes Leaf margins Leaf apices * * * * *