Chapter7OrganizationStructureandCommunication.ppt

Organizational Structure Managerial Communication Chapter7 A Principle every week Murphys Law: Murphys law is an adage or epigram that is typically stated as: Anything that can go wrong will go wrong. “墨菲定律”（Murphys Law）亦称莫非定律、莫非定理、或摩菲定理，是西方世界常用的俚语。　“墨菲定律”：事情往往会向你所想到的不好的方向发展，只要有这个可能性。比如你衣袋里有两把钥匙，一把是你房间的，一把是汽车的;如果你现在想拿出车钥匙，会发生什么？是的，你往往是拿出了房间钥匙。这就是著名的“墨菲定律”。 墨菲定律的案例 “墨菲定律”告诉我们，容易犯错误是人类与生俱来的弱点，不论科技多发达，事故都会发生。而且我们解决问题的手段越高明，面临的麻烦就越严重。如，2003年美国“哥伦比亚”号航天飞机即将返回地面时，在美国得克萨斯州中部地区上空解体，机上6名美国宇航员以及首位进入太空的以色列宇航员拉蒙全部遇难。泰坦尼克号是当时最好的船只，却被淹没的处女航中。有道是 “上的山多终遇虎”，人永远也不可能成为上帝，当你妄自尊大时，“墨菲定律”会叫你知道厉害；相反，如果你承认自己的无知，“墨菲定律”会帮助你做得更严密些。 管理的关键在于平时清扫死角，消除不安全隐患， 所以，我们在事前应该是尽可能地想得周到、全面一些，如果真的发生不幸或者损失，就笑着应对吧，关键在于总结所犯的错误，不重复同样错误，而不是企图抵赖掩盖、自欺欺人。 Learning objective . After reading and studying this chapter, you should be able to: Define organizing and organizational structure. Identify the contingency factors that influence organizational design. Describe characteristics of mechanistic and organic organizations. Explain the relationship between work specialization and departmentalization . Explain centralization and decentralization. Compare traditional organizational design with contemporary roganizational design. Define communication. Describe the factors on which the different communication methods can be evaluated and on what the choice of communication method depends. Tell how nonverbal communication affects managers. Explain the barriers to effective interpersonal communication and how to overcome them. Open discussion What is an organization? What is organizational structure? How to design organizational structure? What factors do you have to considerate when desgin organizational structures? Defining Organizational Structure Organizing Organizing is to arrange several elements into a purposeful sequential or spatial (or both) order or structure. Organizational Structure Organizational structure is the framework, typically hierarchical, within which an organization arranges its line