动词时态、语态专题.docVIP

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动词时态、语态专题.doc

动词时态、语态专题讲解 Ⅰ.【时态部分】 一.一般现在时用法 1.表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。句中常用often, usually, every day, always, sometimes, once a week, on Sundays, never等时间状语。 My father never takes a bus but walks to his office. 我父亲从来不坐公共汽车而是走路去上班。(表达父亲的习惯性动作。) Every few years, the coal workers have their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. 每隔几年,煤矿工人们都要对肺部进行X光检查,以确保身体健康。 2. 表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象,无论在什么情况下都用一般现在时表示。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 ---What did the teacher say just now? ---He stressed that the earth moves around the sun.. ---刚才老师说什么? ---他强调地球围绕太阳转。 3. 表达机场,车站,码头等的日程表安排。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午6点开。(表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。) The flight takes off at 2:30 every Wednesday and Friday. 飞机每星期三、五2:30起飞。 4. 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替将来时。 在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before等引导的时间状语从句,在以if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句和以no matter, however, even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中,如果主句中的动词用一般将来时,从句中的动词通常用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时。(主将从现) My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa. 我父母答应在我离开去非洲之前来看望我。 Ill let you know as soon as I hear from him. 我一接到他的信就告诉你。 We shall not have a discussion unless we have time. 没有时间我们就不开讨论会。 5. 在here,there等引起的倒装句中表进行。 There goes the bell. 铃响了。(在here,there等引起的倒装句中表进行。) 二.一般过去时用法 表示过去的事情、动作或状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境有暗示);用于表示过去的习惯; 常用时间状语,如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。 The book has been translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973. 自从这本书在1973年上市以来已被翻译成三十种语言。 I was a newspaper boy in the 1930s. 20世纪30年代我是报童。 ---You speak very good French! ---Thanks. I studied French in Sichuan University for four years. ---你的法语说得真好! ---谢谢,我在四川大学学过四年的法语。 I used to go to school early. 我过去总是很早去学校。 三.一般将来时用法 1. be going to+动词原形表示打算、计划、准备要做某事。 Im going to learn Japanese next year. 明年我打算学习日语。(表主观打算) 2. be+to do表示拟定或计划中将发生的行为或按职责、义务必须去做的事情。 The meeting is to be held at 9:00 a.m.. 会议预定上午九点开始举行。(拟定计划) You are to hand in your homework this afternoon.

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