基于单片机的温度控制系统的设计技术报告.docVIP

基于单片机的温度控制系统的设计 摘 要 本设计单片机的基础是AT89C51单片机，热电偶、热电阻、A/D转换器、固态继电器、LED显示器等，共同构成一个应用在电炉控制中的温度控制系统，被控对象是砂型干燥电炉，温度控制在400~500℃，误差为±1℃。在此系统中，温度传感变送器将热电偶获得温度信号，转变成1~5V的标准电压信号，再由A/D转换器转换成数字信号进入单片机内部。单片机将设定的温度与测量温度的相比较，得出二者的偏差量。执行器选用开关频率较高的固态继电器，其起到短路保护，过载保护和过热保护等功能。采用模拟的PWM控制方法，脉冲宽度调制（PWM）是一种对模拟信号电平进行数字编码的方法,改变同一个周期中电子开关的闭合时间，达到控制的目的。温度控制系统广泛应用在工业工程中，但存在着很大的时间滞后性和很强的外界信号扰动，采用基于单片机温度控制系统能够精确的控制温度变化。 关键词　温控系统；AT89C51单片机；传感器 The Temperature Control Systemic Design Based On MCU Abstract This design is based on AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer, combined with the temperature sensor and transmitter, A/D converter, LED display, the solid state relay and so on, form A temperature control system based on AT89C51 single-chip computer application in the electric furnace control, controlled object can be electric dry furnace , the temperature control in 400 ~ 500℃, the error of plus or minus 1℃. In this system, the temperature sensing transducer for temperature induced voltage, standard into 1 ~ 5 v voltage signal is converted to digital signal by A/D converter into the single chip microcomputer internal. Micro-controller to a given temperature compared with the measurement temperature, it is concluded that deviation value actuator by solid state relay switch, this switch also act as short-circuit protection, overload protection and thermal overload protection, which frequency analog PWM control method and the pulse width modulation (PWM) is an analog signal level for digital encoding method, the change of the electronic switch in the same cycle closure time, achieve the goal of control. Temperature control system is widely used in industrial design, but there are a lot of time lag and strong interference, using the single chip microcomputer control system for temperature control strategy can easily solve these problems. Keywords　temperature control; AT89C51Single chip microcomputer; sensor 目 录 摘 要 I Abstract II 第1章 绪论 1 1.1 背景及意义 1 1.2 国内外现状 1 1.3 课题研究及内容 3 1.4 研究目的及意义 3 1.5 本