学校本位管理及其实施成效.docVIP

學校本位管理及其實施成效評析 陳俊生、林新發＊ 摘要 近來學校本位管理已成為各國教育改革之重要機制，亦已累聚諸多實證報告，本文蒐羅英、美、澳、紐等國學校本位管理之相關研究文獻，探討有關理念並評閱其實施成效。研究指出在決策彈性、學習成果、變革能力等方面獲致之成效並未如學校本位管理邏輯假定推論所欲之結果，而在領導角色方面的確產生轉變，同時亦使學校競爭加劇、經費資源相對縮減、甚或造成對公平利益的忽略。據此研究結果，復衡酌國內境況，玆提出以下幾點建議供我國推動類似學校管理策略之參考：一、釐清權責關係、明訂自主範疇；二、加強組織再造、推動知識管理；三、轉變領導型態、強化成員理念；四、聚焦學生學習、提昇教育品質；五、環扣變革歷程、加強組織學習；六、保障經費條件、關注社會正義；七、落實授權增能、力行績效責任；八、實施視導評鑑、建立獎懲機制。 關鍵字：學校本位管理、權力下放、參與決策 Comment on effects of school-based management: Theory and practice Chun-sheng Chen Hsin-fa Lin＊ Abstract School-based management (SBM) has become a key reform mechanism adopted by educational authorities and thus aggregated many empirical reports around the world in these two decades. This article reviewed some of major existing research papers on SBM from the UK, USA, New Zealand and Australia…etc., and explored several theoretical themes to examine the impacts and effects of school-based management in practice. The study reveals that the result of SBM does not consistent with its assumptions, such as school-based management leads to greater decision-making flexibility, improves student learning outcomes, or increases innovation. However it does change the work role and also increase the workload of principals, lead to increased competition among schools, result in reduced funding and affect the standing of the public education system. Based on these findings and current situations in our country, several suggestions are proposed to construct similar management strategies. Keywords: school-based management, decentralization, shared decision-making 壹、前言 教育分權化（decentralization）是世界各國政府時興的改革趨勢（Hanson,1998），而學校本位管理（school-based management, SBM）則是教育分權化的具現（Malen, Ogawa Kranz, 1990），自從弗勒席曼委員會（Fleischmann Commission）於1973年在紐約州教育改革報告書中首度揭櫫學校本位管理後（Murphy Beck,1995 Jacob,1998），1993年美國除肯塔基州和德州已明令施行全州性的學校本位管理外，；；；grant-maintained schools）的發展；Leithwood Menzies,1998），根據Meuret和Scheerens（1995）的估計，下列十四個國家地區中實施學校本位管理的學校比率：、%；%；、、%至41%間；、、、、%至33%間，%（轉引自Leithwood Menzies,1998）。，、、Malen et al. , 199