关于Nilsson势解形变原子核的研究讲解.docVIP

关于Nilsson势解形变原子核的研究 专业：应用物理系 学生：王紫江 指导老师：白春林 摘要 研究原子核，就不得不研究原子核中的核子如何在核内运动，即核的结构。自1932年以来，人们已经提出许多核结构模型，其中，原子核的壳层模型取得很大成功。在这一基础上，S.G.Nilsson最早研究了核子在轴对称变形势场中的运动，通过计算给出了Nilsson能级图。本文主要介绍Nilsson模型以及推导Nilsson能级的方法。在此之前，概述了壳层模型及其成功和不足之处。壳层模型是Nilsson模型建立的基础，S.G.Nilsson正是在此基础上，引入各向异性谐振子势以及Nilsson哈密尔顿量，部分地解决了壳层模型在预言形变核基态的角动量和宇称等方面存在的问题。然后介绍了在矩阵形式下对角化哈密顿量的过程，举例如何求出一维谐振子坐标在能量表象中的矩阵元。这对掌握核结构理论有重要作用。从各向异性谐振子势以及Nilsson哈密尔顿量出发，通过对角化Nilsson哈密尔顿量，推导出Nilsson能级，用Nilsson模型得到关于核的相关性质，与实验事实作对比，说明Nilsson模型的成功之处。最后通过Nilsson模型研究核基态形变能，定性分析了约束能的特征。 关键词：形变核；Nilsson模型；对角化；哈密顿量；Nilsson能级图 Abstract When studying nucleus, it is inevitable to considering the motion of nucleon in the nucleus-the structure of the nucleus. Since 1932, people have proposed many models of nucleus, among which the Shell Model has made great success. Based on Shell Model, S.G.Nilsson first considered the motion of nucleon in axisymmetric deformed potential field, producing the Nilsson diagrams. This article mainly discusses Nilsson Model and the method for derivating Nilsson levels.Before that this article summarizes the success and failures of Shell Model. Shell Model is the foundation of Nilsson Model. Depending on Shell Model, S.G.Nilsson introduced the anisotropic harmonic oscillator and Nilsson Hamiltonian. In that way He partly resolved some problems of Shell Model in, for instance, predicting the angular momenta and parities of the ground state for nuclei in the deformed region. Then the article illustrated the procedures to diagonalize the Hamiltonian in the form of matrix with an example of educing matrix elements of the coordinates of one-dimensional harmonic oscillator in energy representation. It plays an important roles in mastering nucleus structure theory. At last starting from the anisotropic harmonic oscillator and Nilsson Hamiltonian, through diagonalizing Nilsson Hamiltonian, the article educes Nilsson energy levels. Then it gets characteristics about nucleus with Nilsson Model, and compare the