基于电磁波的低流速测量中干扰因素分析研究报告方案.doc

基于电磁波的低流速测量中干扰因素分析研究 杨强，刘纪元，焦学峰，么启 (1.沈阳航空航天大学电子信息工程学院 辽宁 沈阳 110136；2.中国科学院声学研究所综合声纳实验室 北京 100080；3.北京航瑞博泰科技有限公司 北京 100102) 摘要：：；；；YANG qiang, LIU Ji-yuan,JIAO Xue-feng,ME qi (1.Electronics and Information Engineering,SHENG’ yang Aerospace University, SHENG’ yang 110136,China;2.Institute of Acoustics.Chinese Academy of Science,BEI’jing 100080,China;3. Beijing Hang Rui Bo Tai ScienceTechnology Co.,Ltd, BEI’jing 100102,China) Abstract: This paper briefly described the electromagnetic wave measurement method in measuring water velocity based on Doppler effect at first. Then it pointed out that transmit leakage interference and side-lobe interference were the main interference factors of low velocity measurement. According to fixed characteristics of transmit leakage interference, we proposed mean filter method to eliminate the inference and to do data preprocessing. Due to the characteristics of side-lobe interference, we suppressed interference through a band-pass filter which were structured by frequency-domain windowing and twice weighted average. After comparing the performance of each window function through simulation, we selected Blackman window to do frequency-domain windowing. Simulation analysis showed that the side-lobe interference has been well suppressed by the frequency domain band-pass filtering method. Finally, we validated significant effects of these methods in low velocity measurement by experimental tests. Keywords: electromagnetic velocity measurement; Doppler; transmit leakage; mean filter; side-lobe interference; frequency domain band-pass filter 0 引言 微弱信号检测一直是信号处理中的一个难题。“微弱信号”不仅意味着信号幅度很小，而且主要指的是被噪声或干扰淹没的信号。为了检测出被噪声覆盖着的微弱信号，就必须分析噪声产生的原因与规律，研究被测信号的特点以及噪声的统计特性。基于电磁波的流速测量技术是一种利用雷达多普勒原理测量流速的新技术。它是一种远距离、无接触的测量方法，适用于测量水流急、含沙量大、漂浮物多、水流复杂的一般江河的流速，具有安全、快速、使用方便等特点。但由于雷达工作中存在发射泄露干扰和旁瓣干扰，对低流速的测量带来了困难。 1 电磁波流速测量基本原理 图1 电磁波流速测量原理图 Fig.1 water velocity measurement by electromagnetic wave 电磁波流速测量方法是利用雷达多普勒效应来测量流速的。雷达照射水面时，部分电磁波能量折射入水，部分能量被水面波散射，只有后向散射的那部分能量可以