英语语法练习题解析.docVIP

二、语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，即是主语在做这个动作；而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者，即动作的对象，此时，主语是动作的逻辑宾语。例如：My uncle repaired the TV set yesterday. 昨天我叔叔修理了那台电视机。The TV set was repaired (by my uncle) yesterday. 那台电视机昨天被(我叔叔)修理了。三、被动语态的构成被动语态是由“be动词+(及物动词)过去分词”构成。若要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时，句子后边需接by…，译为“被(由)……”。不同时态的被动语态主要体现在助动词be的变化上，同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。现已及物动词do为例，其各种时态的被动结构形式如下表所示：时 态结 构 形 式※ 一般现在时am / is / are + done※ 一般过去时was / were + done现在进行时am / is / are + being done过去进行时was / were + being done※ 现在完成时have / has + been done过去完成时had + been done※ 一般将来时shall / will + be done；am / is / are going to + be done过去将来时would + be done；was / were going to + be done※ 含有情态动词情态动词 + be done四、被动语态的用法用 法示 例不知道谁是动作的执行者，省略by短语。①—Look! What an old palace! It looks so great!—Yeah, it ________________ (建造)nearly 800 years ago.②—Did you go to the his birthday party yesterday?—No, I __________________ (not invite).没有必要说、不想说或众所周知动作的执行者，省略by短语。①Drivers shouldn’t ________________ (允许) drive after drinking, or they will break the law.②The Chinese mainland pandas, Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan, ________________ (送) Taiwan on December 23rd, 2008.强调动作的承受者，句尾加by短语。①Thousands of houses ________________ (destroy) by the floods in Guangxi last month.②Haibao was __________ (设计)by two artists, one from Shanghai and the other from Taiwan.在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密。I have a new motorbike. It was __________ (give) to me as abirthday present by my father.在新闻报道中，为了表明报道的客观性而避免主观性的透露。A car accident happened on the high way this morning. Three men ____________ (kill), the wounded ____________ (take) away to hospital at once and the policemen ____________ (send) there to cope with the event.在科技论文中，强调客观事实。①When it is cold enough, water will ______________ (turn) into ice.②So far, the moon has ______________ (visit) by earthmen several time.某些习惯用法以被动语态形式出现。①I am very interested in _________________ (看英文电影).②She was seated _______________________ (窗边).③He is dressed very ____