轴加工工艺规程设计与分析摘要.docVIP

轴加工工艺规程分析与设计 作者姓名： 专业名称：机械工程及自动化 指导教师： 摘要 主轴是高速加工机床的核心功能部件，它的好坏直接影响整个机床的使用性能，这就要求我们在设计工艺流程时做更深一步的研究。本次设计针对主轴的工艺规程，展开了较严谨的研究和设计。 车床主轴既是单一轴线的阶梯轴、空心轴，又是长径比小于12的刚性轴。主要加工表面是内、外旋转表面，次要表面有键槽、螺纹和端面结合孔等。它的机械加工主要是车削和磨削，其次是铣削和钻削。根据其结构特点和精度要求，在加工过程中，对定位基准的选择、加工顺序的安排以及深孔加工、热处理工序等均应给予足够的重视。 在车削时，应用一夹一顶或两顶尖的形式。避免了轴的径向圆跳动，保证了加工中工件的稳定性，也使工件达到尺寸精度。 磨削时，采用专用磨孔夹具，使工件轴线与夹具中心线保持一致，保证了磨孔时内孔加工的精度。 车削、磨削时采用专用夹具、刀具、量具，不但保证了尺寸精度，也是为了达到轴与其它零件组装时的公差与配合精度。 为了保证主轴的切削性能，成品具有耐磨性、抗震性及足够的硬度，在不同的加工阶段之间安排热处理。 车床主轴是代表性零件之一，加工难度较大，工艺路线较长，涉及到轴类零件加工的许多基本工艺问题。 关键词 ：工艺规程 夹具 刀具 量具 耐磨性 Abstract Spindle is the core of the high speed machine tool features, it is good or bad directly affect the performance of the whole machine tool, this requests us in the design process to do further research. The procedure to design for the main shaft, launched a rigorous research and design. Lathe spindle is not only a single axis shaft, hollow shaft, the steps of the length to diameter ratio is less than 12 rigid shaft. Main processing surface is the surface of internal and external rotation, secondary surface with keyway, thread, and end face combined with holes, etc. Its mechanical processing mainly is turning and grinding, followed by milling and drilling. When turning, apply a clamp one or two top form. Avoid the shaft radial circular runout, which guarantees the stability of the processing of the workpiece, also make the workpiece dimensional accuracy. Grinding, use special hole grinding fixture, make consistent with the center line of the clamp workpiece axis, ensure the grinding hole of the inner hole machining accuracy. Turning and grinding using special fixture, cutting tools, measuring tool, not only ensure the dimensional accuracy, but also to reach a shaft assembly with other parts of tolerance and fit precision. To guarantee the cutting performance of the spindle, the finished product has enough hardness, wear resistance, shock resistance, and b