工艺管道对接焊缝超声波检测介绍.docVIP

摘 要：本文针对工艺管道对接焊缝的特点，对焊接方法、焊接位置及易产生的缺陷进行了分析，由于工艺管道对接焊缝壁厚范围大，又多是直管与直管、直管与弯头、法兰、阀门等管件对接，采用单面焊接双面成型工艺，这种特殊结构型式和焊接工艺，使超声波检测只能进行单面双侧扫查或单面单侧扫查；为了提高缺陷的检出率，对不同规格、不同结构的焊缝选择扫查面、探头数量、探头型号和探头尺寸应有针对性；根部缺陷的判定对仪器扫描线调节精度提出了较高要求；通过对典型缺陷的回波特征进行了分析；通过以上分析和采取的措施，能有效提高工艺管道对接焊缝超声波检测质量。关键词：工艺管道对接焊缝 超声波检测Ultrasonic Test for the Process Piping Butt WeldLI Zhao-tai, WANG Cheng-sen, HUANG ZhiNanjing Jinling Inspection Engineering Co.,LtdAbstract: Considering the characteristics of the process piping butt weld, this article analyses the welding methods, the welding positions and the defects which are easily produced. As the range of thickness of the process piping butt weld is large, furthermore, the joints are almost among pipe fittings, such as straight pipes, elbows, flanges and valves, so we choose one formation welding. Due to the special structure and welding craft, UT only conducts single-sided bilateral scanning or single-sided unilateral scanning; in order to raise the defect inspection rate, we should choose scanning surface, probe quantity, models and size for different scales and structures of welding joints with pertinence. It puts forward higher requirement for the linear adjustable accuracy of apparatus scanning to judge the root defect. We analyses the characteristics of the waves of typical defects. By the analyses and measures above, it improves the test quality of the process piping butt weld effectively.Keywords: Process piping butt weld; Ultrasonic test0 前言石化装置工艺管道对接焊缝超声波检测具有一定的难度。早期的模拟超声波探伤机由于定位精度不高，对于根部缺陷的识别和判定存在较大难度，每次更换不同角度的探头，时间基线都要重新调节，非常不便，这为工艺管道对接焊缝推广超声波检测造成了很大的困难。近些年，超声波检测设备发生了巨大改变，且更新很快，数字式探伤机代替了模拟机，数字式探伤机较原先使用的模拟机具有显著的优点，首先，其定位精度高，定位精度可达0.1mm，为管道焊缝根部信号的判定提供了可靠依据；第二，可存贮多种探头参数及其距离波幅曲线，为现场采用多种角度的探头进行检测提供了方便，提高了不同角度缺陷的检测灵敏度，可方便的变换探头（角度），为辨识真、伪信号提供了方便；第三，可以存贮动态波形和缺陷包络线，并可作为电子文件存档备查。数字式超声波探伤机较好地解决了管道焊缝超声波探伤的难题。本文推荐管道焊缝探伤采用数字式超声波探伤仪。通过专业培训和严格考核，可以筛选出合格的管道对接焊缝超声波检测人员，完全能保证管道焊缝的超声波检测质量。本文通过对超声波检测方法、扫查面、探头数量、探头型号和探头尺寸的控制、通过理论分析和实际验证，表明超声波检测能有效保证管道焊缝的检测质量。超声波检