mRNA稳定性与细胞内定位.ppt

22.3 Eukaryotic mRNAs Exist in the Form of mRNPs from Their Birth to Their Death mRNA associates with a changing population of proteins during its nuclear maturation and cytoplasmic life. Some nuclear-acquired mRNP proteins have roles in the cytoplasm. A very large number of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) exist, most of which remain uncharacterized. Different mRNAs are associated with distinct, but overlapping, sets of regulatory proteins, creating RNA regulons. 22.4 Prokaryotic mRNA Degradation Involves Multiple Enzymes polyribosome (or polysome) – An mRNA that is simultaneously being translated by multiple ribosomes. monocistronic mRNA – mRNA that codes for one polypeptide. 22.4 Prokaryotic mRNA Degradation Involves Multiple Enzymes Degradation of bacterial mRNAs is initiated by removal of a pyrophosphate from the 5′ terminus. Monophosphorylated mRNAs are degraded during translation in a two-step cycle involving endonucleolytic cleavages, followed by 3′ to 5′ digestion of the resulting fragments. 22.4 Prokaryotic mRNA Degradation Involves Multiple Enzymes 3′ polyadenylation can facilitate the degradation of mRNA fragments containing secondary structure. poly(A) polymerase (PAP) – The enzyme that adds the stretch of polyadenylic acid to the 3′ end of eukaryotic mRNA. It does not use a template. 22.4 Prokaryotic mRNA Degradation Involves Multiple Enzymes poly(A) – A stretch of adenylic acid that is added to the 3′ end of mRNA following its synthesis. The main degradation enzymes work as a complex called the degradosome. 22.5 Most Eukaryotic mRNA is Degraded via Two Deadenylation-Dependent Pathways The modifications at both ends of mRNA protect it against degradation by exonucleases. poly(A) binding protein (PABP) – The protein that binds to the 3′ stretch of poly(A) on a eukaryotic mRNA. 22.5 Most Eukaryotic mRNA is Degraded via Two Deadenylation-Dependent Pathways The two major mRNA decay pathways are initiated by deadenylation catalyzed by poly(A