峒河沉积物重金属形态分析及生态风险评价 毕业论文.docVIP

峒河沉积物重金属形态分析及生态风险评价 摘要：为了解峒河水体沉积物中重金属的污染现状及其潜在生态危害程度，采用改进的“BCR提取法”对峒河水体沉积物中重金属元素Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd的形态分布特征进行了分析，利用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对其进行了综合评价。形态分析结果表明，峒河沉积物重金属含量均高于湖南省土壤背景值，其中Zn的含量最高，Cu的含量最小；四个采样点中有效性排序为CdPbZnCuCr，其中Cd的有效性最高，Cr的有效性最低；沉积物潜在生态风险评价结果表明，峒河表层沉积物中主要的重金属污染因子是Cd,各种重金属的潜在生态危害系数大小顺序为CdPbZnCrCu；重金属的潜在生态风险水平较高，四个采样点均为严重生态风险。 关键词：重金属；峒河沉积物；形态分析；潜在生态风险；BCR提取法 Speciation Analysis and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in Water Sediment of Dong River Abstract：In order to find out the present condition and potential ecological hazard of heavy metal contamination, Speciation distribution of Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd in water sediment of Dong River were analyzed and comprehensive evaluated separately by reformative BCR extraction and Hakanson potential ecological risk index method. The results of speciation analysis showed that the content of heavy metal elements in sediment of Dong River all exceeded the soil background value of Hunan Province, Cd had the top content while Cu was on the contrary; Valid order of four different spots was CdPbZnCuCr, Cd had the top validity while Cr was on the contrary; The result of potential ecological risk assessment of sediment showed that the main heavy metal pollution element was Zn; The potential ecological hazard coefficient of different heavy metal element was CdPbZnCrCu; the level of potential ecological risk of heavy metal in the surface sediment of Dong River was comparatively high. Ecological risk level of four different spots were all serious. Key words：Heavy metal, Dong river sediment, Speciation analysis, Potential ecological risk, BCR extraction 前言 重金属污染是一个全球性的环境问题,工业国家和新兴发展中国家尤为严重。随着电镀、制革、防腐、染料等工业的发展, 越来越多的重金属废水进入水体，对动物、植物和环境造成了严重的危害[1-2]。重金属是具有潜在危害的重要污染物，与其他污染物不同，引起特变关注之处在于它的环境危害持久性、地球化学循环性和生态风险性。通过各种途径进入水体的重金属绝大部分迅速由水相转入固相，结合到悬浮物和沉积物中。结合到悬浮物中的重金属在被水流搬运过程中，当其负荷量超过搬运能力时，便最终进入沉积物中。河流沉积物是水体污染物的归宿，对河流生态系统的结构和服务功能有重要的影响[3]。重金属是河流沉积物中具有潜在危害性的重要污染物，不易降解，易于在生物体内富集放大。与水体相比，沉积物中重金属具有丰度高、易于准确检测等特点，因而沉积物被认为是水体污染的