采样与检查摘要.ppt

第5章 — 采样与检验 Chapter 5 - Sampling and Testing 5.1检验类型 5.1 Types of testing 5.1.1 监控 Monitoring 监控是为了找出可能存在的问题领域或提供关于违规率的信息； Monitoring is performed to identify possible areas of concern, or to provide information about violation rates. 通常利用以统计为基础的随机样品进行监控； Monitoring is normally conducted using statistically based random samples. 检验结果出来前通常不扣留抽检的批次，并上市售给消费者。 The sampled lots are usually not held, and are released to consumers before the test results are known. 5.1.2定向 Directed 定向采样旨在找出所怀疑的问题； Directed sampling is designed to identify suspected problems. 定向样品来自怀疑带有化学残留的动物或产品，或者来自风险更高的动物群或产品类型； Directed samples are taken from animals or products which are suspected to have residues, or from groups of animals or types of product which are at higher risk. 检验结果出来前要扣留可疑的动物或产品。 Animals or products which are deemed suspect are detained until the results of testing are available. 5.1.3 符合性 Compliance  出现违规行为时进行符合性检验，以便确定所采取的纠正行为是否有效。 Compliance testing is conducted when a violation has occurred, in order to determine whether a corrective action has been effective. 5.2 化学残留5.2 Chemical Residues 5.2.1.1定义 Definition 化学残留指的是用药或接触化学物质后某个时间，尤其是在屠宰时，化学物质在一个或更多身体组织中的存在 A chemical residue is the presence of a chemical in one or more tissues of the body at some time after administration or exposure, particularly at the time of slaughter 对于化学残留监测计划来说，重要的身体组织包括骨骼肌、肝脏、肾和脂肪。 The tissues of importance for the purposes of the chemical residues program are skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, and fat. 5.2 化学残留 Chemical Residues 5.2.1.2担心的问题 Concerns 尽管细菌引起的食物污染仍然是造成疾病的主要原因，消费者们仍然非常担心食物中的化学残留。 Although microbial contamination of food continues to account for the majority of instances of illness, consumers still have a high level of concern about chemical residues in food. 加拿大畜牧业所使用的药物在出售之前要接受加拿大卫生部健康产品和食品局兽药理事会的严格检验和审批。 Drugs for use by the animal industry in Canada are thoroughly tested and approved by Health Canadas Health Products and Food Branch, Veterinary Drugs