大气污染控制第一章要点分析.pptVIP

大气污染控制工程 授课教师：郝吉明 电 话E_mail: hjm-den@tsinghua.edu.cn 内容简介 　 大气污染及其分类 大气污染物的影响 大气污染防治法规与标准体系 中国的大气污染综合防治 学习 要求　 明确大气污染控制工程的学习对象、内容和目的 了解大气的组成，掌握大气污染物的概念，以及主要大气污染物的来源、性质和影响 了解大气污染控制方面的法规和标准体系 建立大气污染综合防治的概念 一、大气污染及其分类 1. 大气圈及大气组成 2. 大气污染的定义 Air Pollution may be defined as any atmospheric condition in which substances are present at concentrations high enough above their normal ambient levels to produce a measurable effect on man, animals, vegetation, or materials. Air Pollution is the presence of undesirable materials in air, in quantities large enough to produce harmful effects. The undesirable materials may damage human health, vegetation, human property, or the global environment as well as create aesthetic insults in the form of brown or hazy air or unpleasant smells. 如果大气中的物质达到一定浓度，并持续足够的时间，以致对公众健康、动物、植物、材料、大气特性或环境美学产生可测量的不利影响，这就是大气污染。 3. 空气污染系统（Air Pollution Systems） 大气污染的研究内容 Sources of air pollutants Control methods Atmospheric behavior of air pollutants Effects of air pollutants Legislative and regulatory measures 4. 排放源: Transportation Electric power generation Industrial processes Industrial and domestic fuel burning Refuse burning Etc. Sources of airborne pollution in Asia are many: power generation, industry, traffic, home cooking, and biomass burning Air Pollutant Emissions =Population×(Economic activity per capita)×(Pollutant emissions per unit of economic activity) 5. 一次大气污染物: Pollutants released directly into the atmosphere in their unmodified forms and in sufficient quantities to pose a health risk Sources of Primary Air Pollutants 6. 光化学烟雾: Secondary air pollutants are compounds that results from the interaction of various primary air pollutants. Photochemical smog is a mixture of pollutants resulting from the interaction of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons with ultraviolet light. The two most destructive components of photochemical smog are ozone(O3) and peroxyacetylnitrates(PAN，过氧乙酰硝酸酯) 光化学烟雾形成过程 光化学烟雾实例 7. 酸沉降: Acid Dep