铅离子印迹聚氨酯纳米纤维的制备研究n详解.doc

铅离子印迹聚氨酯纳米纤维的制备研究 摘 要 随着世界经济的发展，水体污染问题口益严重，水体污染的主要来源有生活污水、农业污水、工业污水的排放。工业废水中重金属离子、毒性含氧酸根离子及酸性染料废水的污染对人体的健康及水体的生态平衡造成了严重危害。因此，积极发展新技术与新材料，去除水源中的污染物是十分迫切的。 本论文主要以PU纤维为基体，用MDI对其进行表面活化、水解，加入过硫酸钾，利用过硫酸钾与纤维表面氨基形成氧化-还原引发体系，引发AA在纤维表面接枝，探索最优接枝条件。在接枝AA的基础上，EDC和NHS对其表面改性后进行壳聚糖修饰；结合分子印迹技术，以铅离子为模板、环氧氯丙烷为交联剂，制得铅离子印迹聚氨酯纤维，探索印迹纤维对Pb2+的吸附作用。结果表明，在温度为20℃、pH为6.0~7.0的条件下，6h基本可达到铅离子吸附饱和，饱和吸附容量为54.39mg/g。将印迹和非印迹纳米纤维进行离子干扰吸附，原子吸收法测试其吸附选择性。结果显示，印迹纳米纤维对Pb2+良好的特异选择能力，Pb2+对Cu2+、Cd2+的相对选择系数分别为5.04、2.59。 本课题通过分子设计，构思建立新的分子表面印迹技术，制备高性能铅离子表面印迹材料，以期将这些高性能分子印迹材料应用于水环境的治理与保护。显然，本课题研究在环境科学技术领域具有重要的科学意义与潜在的应用前景。 关键词：废水处理 聚氨酯 MDI 壳聚糖 印迹材料 Study on Imprinted Lead Ion Polyurethane Nanofibers Abstract With the development of the global economy, water pollution has been a gradually serious issue. The source of the water pollution issue can be the emission of the living water pollution, agricultural water pollution and industrial water pollution. There are metal ions, toxic oxyacid ions and acidic dye water, which is damned harmful to the water balance of people’s body. Therefore, it is a urgency to develop new technology and new material to eliminate the pollutants of the waste water. On PU fiber, its surface was activated with MDI, then was grafted by AA with potassium persulfate, explore optimal grafting conditions. On the basis of grafting AA, EDC and NHS carried out its rear surface modified chitosan modified; combined with molecular imprinting technique to lead ions as the template, epichlorohydrin as a crosslinking agent, Pb2+ imprinted polyurethane nanofibers were prepared, the imprinted membrane adsorption of Pb2+ was explored. The fiber could get the saturation adsorption capacities 54.39mg/g after 6h while pH of solution was 6.0~7.0 and temperature was 20℃.Taking flame molecular absorption spectrophotometry to test the specific selectivity of imprinted fiber and non-imprinted fiber. The result showed that, the imprinted fiber had a good specific selectivity for Pb2+, the relative selectiv