本科毕业设计论文cr(vi)吸附菌的筛选及其对cr(vi).docVIP

Cr(VI)吸附菌的筛选及其对Cr(VI) 的吸附性能研究 摘要 生物吸附是一种新兴的重金属污染治理技术，生物吸附剂来源广泛、价格低廉，且对重金属去除效率高而无二次污染，具有良好的工业应用前景。 本课题选择污水处理厂、电镀厂的活性污泥及啤酒厂的啤酒酵母为菌种来源，筛选出最佳Cr(VI)吸附菌，并对该菌的Cr(VI)生物吸附特性进行研究，结果表明：三菌种在相同的条件下处理含铬废液，啤酒酵母表现出最好的Cr(VI)生物吸附性能，吸附率达到72.6%；对啤酒酵母菌吸附Cr(VI)的生物吸附特性进行考察得出吸附反应进行的适宜反应时间为90min，最佳pH值为2，最适宜的Cr(VI)初始浓度为20mg/L，吸附剂最佳用量为0.3g，吸附性能随温度的升高而提高。在室温（25℃）下，控制反应条件为以上最佳条件参数进行啤酒酵母菌吸附Cr(VI)的综合实验，此时的Cr(VI)去除率高达91.4%。在此基础上用0.5mol/L的HCI对啤酒酵母菌进行预处理，可使其对Cr(VI)生物吸附性能得到进一步提升，达到了96.3%。 关键词：生物吸附，啤酒酵母，Cr(VI)，重金属 ABSTRACT Bio-sorption was a sort of new technology for heavy metal removal, had a good prospects for industrial applications，for it had highly heavy metal removal effect and without secondary pollution, as well as the Bio-absorbent was low-cost and abundant in source. Activated sludge of sewage treatment plants and electroplating plant, and the brewer’s yeast were chosen to be as the source bacterium in this study to screen out the best Cr(VI)-adsorption bacteria, and to discuss its adsorption characteristics of Cr(VI) .The results showed: Under the same conditions, three species were dealed with waste water of chromium, brewers yeast appeared the best bio-sorption performance of Cr(VI), with the absorption rate 72.6 % ; And the further experiment for beer yeast bio-sorption Cr (VI) got the conclusion that, the appropriate reaction time was 90 min, the best pH value was 2, the most appropriate initial concentration of Cr (VI) was 20 mg/L, and the best amount of absorbent was 0.3g, increasing the temperature would improve the adsorption effect of brewer’s yeast . At room temperature (25℃), controlling all the other conditions were the best values as above for the synthetical experiment, Cr(VI)-bio-sorption of beer yeast reached 91.4 %. beer yeast pretreated with 0.5mol/L HCI got a more high adsorption effect 96.3%. Key words： biosorption, brewers yeast, Cr (VI), heavy metals 目 录 摘要 I ABSTRACT II 1 绪论 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 铬的基本性质 1 1.2.1铬的物理化学性质 1 1.2.2 铬的生物效应 2 1.2.3 铬的危害 2 1.2.4 铬污染现状 3 1.3