精神分裂症患者的记忆损害_论文.docVIP

精神分裂症患者的记忆损害  摘  要 目的：探讨精神分裂症患者外显记忆、内隐记忆损害状况，比较精神分裂症各 亚型记忆功能损害的特征。 方法：采用修正的加工分离法，分别在文字知觉驱动、文字概念驱动、图像知 觉驱动、图像概念驱动四种不同实验类型下对 59 名精神分裂症患者和 40 名正常 对照组进行记忆能力测试。实验分为学习、干扰和测试三个阶段。根据修正的加 工分离法公式分离出被试的外显记忆成绩（R）和内隐记忆成绩（A），并进行各 种比较。 结果：（1）精神分裂症患者外显记忆功能存在广泛的缺陷，而内隐记忆功能 缺陷只在概念驱动下的测验中出现。（2）四个不同的实验类型的外显记忆、内隐 记忆均不存在明显的性别差异。（3）阳性症状为主的精神分裂症患者的外显记忆 成绩均高于阴性症状为主的患者，而内隐记忆成绩两者则均无显著差异。（4）阳 性症状与四个实验类型的外显记忆成绩无显著相关，而阴性症状则均与外显记忆 成绩呈显著负相关。阳性症状、阴性症状与四个实验类型的内隐记忆成绩均无相 关关系。 结论：（1）精神分裂症患者外显记忆功能的损害是广泛性的，而内隐记忆的 受损只表现在概念驱动的记忆任务中。 （2）精神分裂症患者的外显记忆损害在以阴性症状为主的精神分裂症患者尤 为突出，而内隐记忆损害独立于患者的阴性和阳性症状。 （3）精神分裂症群体在外显记忆和内隐记忆上没有性别差异。 关键词：精神分裂症 外显记忆 内隐记忆 1 The memory impairment in schizophrenia Objective To explore the explicit memory and implicit memory impairment in schizophrenia, then make comparisons among patients with different subtypes of schizophrenia in this aspect. Methods Fifty-nine patients with schizophrenia and forty normal controls were tested in word perceptual driven experiment, word concept driven experiment, image perceptual driven experiment, image concept driven experiment separately, in the method of revised process dissociation procedure. In the experiment, there were three sessions, study and test, and an interruption task between study and test. Then calculated the R and A by the PDF function, and make comparisons among patients with these data. Results (1) Explicit memory impairment existed widely in schizophrenia, but implicit memory impairment only occurred under the concept driven experiment. (2)Sex differences didn’t reach significant in explicit memory as well as implicit memory of four different experiment types. (3)The explicit memory results in patients with positive symptoms were higher than those with negative symptoms, but in implicit memory, the results did not differ remarkably. (4) There were no distinct correlations between positive symptoms and explicit memory results in the four experiments. There existed significant inverse correlations between negative symptoms and explic