驱动桥 毕业论文外文翻译.doc

DRIVE AXLE ASSEMBLIES After studying this chapter, you will be able to: ■ Explain the construction of different types of drive axle assemblies. ■List the parts of various drive axles. ■ Compare the differences between a rear wheel and front wheel drive axle assembly. ■Describe the operating principles of drive axle assemblies. Drive axle assemblies have several important functions. They must hold the wheels on, keep them upright, allow them to be turned (in front, on four-wheel drive and front-wheel drive vehicles) and propel the wheels forward or backward. They must drive the wheels in such a manner that one can turn faster than the other, yet both must receive torque. Drive axle assemblies must absorb the driving force of the wheels, and transmit it to the frame through springs, control rods, etc. The axle assembly provides an anchorage for springs, supports the weight of the vehicle and forms the foundation upon which the wheel brakes are mounted. Obviously, the axle assemblies must be well constructed, using quality materials. HOUSING The axle housing is usually made of stamped steel parts welded together. Or, the center section of the housing may be made of cast steel. Two basic types have been used: the BANJO type housing (in wide use) and the SPLIT housing (little used) consisting of two or more pieces. AXLES Two steel axles are placed inside the housing. Their inner ends almost touch; and, in some cases, they do touch. The outer ends protrude out of the housing and form a base upon which the wheels, hubs, etc. are attached. The inner ends are splined and are supported by the differential assembly. The outer ends are supported in roller or hall bearings. ATTACHING WHEEL HUBS Two methods are employed to securc the wheelhubs to the axle. One emthod employs a taper on the axle end; tile other forms the axle end into a flange upon which the wheel is bolted. TYPES OF AXLES Live axles (axles that turn with the wheels) are of three basic types: full