本科生毕业设计论文论文—机械性能拉伸试验机的设计.doc

毕业设计 题 目 学 院 专 业 班 级 学 生 学 号 指导教师 二〇一一年月日摘 要 疲劳试验机是研究材料在动态力作用下的疲劳性能常用的试验机，而电液伺服疲劳试验机是集机、电、液于一体的试验设备，具有精度高、负荷大、频响宽、控制灵活等特点，成为精确研究材料、零部件甚至整机在实际使用状态下的力学性能的有力试验手段。然而，材料或者零部件往往在多种应力的共同作用下疲劳失效的，因此，设计一种能够集拉、压、弯、扭，以及多种应力复合作用下的电液疲劳试验机是多个领域的迫切要求。 本文综述了国内外试验机的研究现状和未来的发展趋势，对试验机根据不同的方式进行了分类。在分析试验机工作原理基础上，确定了2.5吨疲劳试验机的主要结构。对试验机的主要零部件作动器、横梁、夹头等进行了计算校核，同时对液压系统进行了详细设计。 所设计的电液伺服疲劳试验机可以完成试样在复合应力作用下的高周疲劳性能，通用性好，精确可靠。 关键词：试验机；疲劳；复合应力；电液伺服 ABSTRACT Electro-hydraulic servo fatigue testing machine is widely used in modern material mechanics test, which integrate hydraulic, electronic, computer with mechanics. It has the advantages of high precision, large load, wide frequency response, flexible control, and so on. However, the failure of materials or component parts is due to the affection of several kinds of stresses such as tension, compression, torsion and bending. Therefore, a multi-stress integrated fatigue testing machine is required. Based on the review of the development and trend tendency in domestic and overseas, testing machines are divided into several types. In this paper, the main structure of an electro-hydraulic servo fatigue testing machine is designed and the primary components are checked by calculation such as actuators, beam, and chucks and so on. Furthermore, the hydraulic system is designed in detail. The designed testing machine has the advantages of high frequency, high accuracy and adapting to several testing conditions. Key words：testing machine; fatigue; composite stress; electro-hydraulic servo 目 录 摘要………………………………………………………………..…….….…………….. .I ABSTRACT…………….…………………………………..………………..…………….II 1 前言……….…………………………………………………………….….……………..1 1.1试验机的研究背景............................………………………….………….………..1 1.2 试验机的发展历程...........................……….......…………….………….………..1 1.3 国内外发展现状......................…………………………….…....……..………2 1.4 试验机的发展趋势......................…………………………….…....……..………2 1.5本章小结…………........