施肥对旱地土壤中硝态氮含量的影响 农学毕业论文.doc

施肥对旱地土壤中硝态氮含量的影响 摘　要 本研究以小麦为研究对象，以不同氮素形态为试验因子，在肥力不同的河南科技大学周山校区、开元校区试验田和遇驾沟试验地进行大田试验。分别在小麦越冬期、拔节期、孕穗期、成熟期取0-20cm、20-40cm、40-60cm、60-80cm土样，分析土壤中硝态氮含量及变化动态，探索氮素形态对旱地小麦供肥性的影响。结果表明： （1）氮素的施用对旱地土壤中硝态氮含量有重大影响。 （2）氮素形态对旱地土壤中硝态氮含量有着显著的影响，试验得出三块试验地硝态氮含量最高的处理与对照组分别相差84.83%、131.45%、181.72%；不同类型氮肥的混合施用对土壤中硝态氮的含量也有显著影响。在遇驾沟和周山校区，用硝酸钠和硫酸铵混施(1:1)效果最好，而开元校区用硝酸钙和硫酸铵混施(1:1)效果最好；几种处理下的总体增硝效果大致是：XCaSXSNXNSNLNCK，增加比例分别是：116.43%、93.37%、56.92%、49.42%、20.61%。 （3）土壤类型对硝态氮有较为明显的影响：碳酸盐类土壤中0-20cm土层的硝态氮含量高于其他土层，并且比黄潮土壤中0-20cm的含量高。相比之下，黄潮土壤类型20-40cm土层硝态氮含量增加效果明显，而且不同处理下各土层中硝态氮含量变化规律性较强，由上到下，硝态氮含量逐渐降低。 （4）不同阴离子对土壤硝态氮含量的影响：在周山校区试验地，在硫酸铵和氯化铵处理下的0-20cm土层中硝态氮含量却不相同，LN处理条件下的比SN条件下的硝态氮含量高40.67%，这说明铵态氮提供氮源时，不同阴离子也会对硝态氮转化产生影响。而在XSN和XCaS处理下的同一地块和同一土层，硝态氮含量也不相同，说明阳离子对硝态氮转化也有影响，但是影响效果因试验地而异。 关键词：小麦，氮素形态，旱地，硝态氮含量 The Effect On Nitrate Contents Of Dryland As Fertilizing ABSTRACT In this study, as the research object of wheat and set processing with different nitrogen forms, carried out field trials. Respectively in different fertility field of zhoushan kaiyuan yujiagou district of Henan University of science and Technology. Respectively in wheat over-wintering stage, jointing stage, booting stage, mature period, take 0-20cm,20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm soil samples, analysis of soil nitrate contents and the dynamics of n forms on dry land, and explore the influence of n forms on dryland wheat for supporting fertilizer. Results indicate that (1) The application of fertilizer to dryland has function with nitrate contents. (2) Different nitrogen forms has significant influence on nitrate content of dryland. Concluded the three testbed that the highest processing campare with the ck difference84.83%, 131.45%, 181.72% respectively. The mixed of different types nitrogen application also have significant effect on nitrate content of dryland. In case ZhouShan and yujiagou campus in trenches and mixed with sodium nitrate with ammonium sulfate was (1-1) the best effect,while the mixing Calcium nitrate with ammonium sulf