DATABASESYSTEMCONCEPTS.pptVIP

DATABASE SYSTEM CONCEPTS instructor: Jingsheng Lei(雷景生) E-mail: jshlei@hainu.edu.cn Database Management System (DBMS) Collection of interrelated data. Set of programs to access the data. DB contains information about a particular enterprise. DBMS provides an environment that is both convenient and efficient to use. Database systems are designed to manage large bodies of information. DBS must ensure the safety of the information stored. Several users. Data Database(DB) Database Management System (DBMS) Database System(DBS) 1 Applications of Database Systems Database Applications: Banking: all transactions Airlines: reservations, schedules Universities: registration, grades Sales: customers, products, purchases Manufacturing: production, inventory, orders, supply chain Human resources: employee records, salaries, tax deductions Databases touch all aspects of our lives 2 Database Systems versus File Systems In the early days, database applications were built on top of file systems Drawbacks of using file systems to store data: Data redundancy and inconsistency Multiple file formats, duplication of information in different files Difficulty in accessing data Need to write a new program to carry out each new task Data isolation — multiple files and formats Integrity problems Integrity constraints (e.g. account balance 0) become part of program code Hard to add new constraints or change existing ones 2 Database Systems versus File Systems(Cont.) Drawbacks of using file systems (cont.) Atomicity of updates Failures may leave database in an inconsistent state with partial updates carried out E.g. transfer of funds from one account to another should either complete or not happen at all Concurrent access by multiple users Concurrent accessed needed for performance Uncontrolled concurrent accesses can lead to inconsistencies E.g. two people reading a balance and updating it at the same time Security problems 3 View of Data 3.1 Data