东西方文化与翻译期中考试复习题.docVIP

09级期中考试复习第一章 1简述语言、文化和翻译之间的关系。 语言是文化的载体。 文化是语言的土壤。 翻译是跨文化交流的桥梁。 2简述文化发展的趋势，分析文化融合带来的文化差异缩小与扩大的辩证关系。 生态翻译学（适应选择） 翻译----语言—文化—人类---自然界（生态） 全球化概念下的翻译：量大，文化问题突出 3如何理解“翻译者必须是一个真正的文化人”？ 翻译是把一种语言转换成另一种语言。不言而喻，两种语言转换的过程中必然涉及到两种文化。翻译实质上是不同文化间的交流。翻译工作者)处理的是个别词，他面对的则是两大片文化。必须从文化的角度来看待翻译。翻译不仅要做到语言意义上的等值，而更重要的是要真正做到文化意义上的等值。 第二章 1简述思维、语言和翻译之间的关系。 思维是人类对客观世界的认识能力。语言是思维的工具,思维依靠语言来表达, 是思维外化的载体, 记录着思维的成果。思维和语言是相互作用的，思维对语言的作用是决定性的,思维方式的不同决定了语言表达形式的多样性。翻译过程始自语言, 又终以语言。翻译活动不仅是一种语言活动, 更是一种思维活动, 翻译的过程是思维活动的过程, 思维的共性是翻译的基础。思维是翻译活动的基础, 翻译是思维的转换。 2东西方思维方式的差异主要表现在哪五个方面？ 抽象思维与具象思维 直线思维与曲线思维 个体分析性思维与整体综合性思维 英语思维重客体 汉语思维重主体 五.顺向思维与逆向思维 3东西方直线思维和曲线思维的主要差别在哪里？举例说明 西方英语民族思维特点就是喜欢直线思维， 对事情的描述直接明了，对事物的说明多是先说重点，造句上遵循从整体到个体、一般到具体、概括到举例、往往是把句子的重心放在句子的开头。而汉民族在表达思想的时候更喜欢曲线思维，习惯从侧面来说明具体的事物，从具体到一般和从个体到整体的原则。 It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. ( J. Austen, Pride and Prejudice) 凡是有钱的单身汉, 总想娶个太太, 这是一条举世公认的真理。 4“南征北战”翻译成汉语为fight north and south和northeast翻译成汉语“东北”，这种文字上的差异表现在英汉思维方式上属于哪一类？ 顺向思维与逆向思维 5翻译下列句子，并举说明在翻译这些句子时是如何处理英汉思维方式上的差异的？ （见课后练习题） 1.We were all greatly moved by his loftiness. 2.He refused to play up to his superiors to get a pay raise. 3.He ought to be able to recognize the car by now, considering the amount electric 4.troubles they had had since moving into this country house. 5.China was not, is not, will never be a superpower. 6.An adult female giant panda gives birth to two cubs at a time. 7.It didn’t occur to me that you would object. 8.The thought of being scolded by the teacher filled me with fear. 9.The little boy, who was crying as if h is heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungry, because he had no food for two days. 10.When Smith was drunk, he used to beat his wife and daughter, and in the next morning, with a headache, he would rail at the world for its neglect of his genius, and abuse, with a good deal of cleverness, and sometimes with perfect reason, the fo