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Introduction to Nematode Class Nematoda(线虫纲) about 10 species are medical important General morphological characters of nematode General morphological characters of nematode General morphological characters of nematode General morphological characters of nematode egg Non-operculum Eggs shell have 3 layers: Characters of life cycle Type of life cycle: soil-transmission nematodes(土源性线虫) bio-source nematodes(生物源性线虫) :需中间宿主 Infective stage: Infective egg Infective larva cyst Important nematodes Intestinal nematode: 蛔虫、钩虫、蛲虫、鞭虫等 blood namatode 丝虫 Tissue nematode 旋毛虫 Ascarid/bellyworm/roundworm(蛔虫)。 蛔虫病(ascariasis) morphologial of adults cuticle(表皮)with circular striations (环纹) fertilised egg(受精卵) unfertilised egg(未受精卵) egg Simple life cycle/direct life cycle final host:humans inhabited site:small intestine infective stage:infective egg Infective mode :by ingestion Egg passed in feces Liver lung migration pathogenecity 肺蛔虫病( Loeffler’s syndrome ) 异位寄生 larva in section of lung 蛔虫病(ascariasis?) 并发症(complication) intestinal blockage(肠梗阻) Perforation of intestine(肠穿孔) ascariasis of bile duct(胆道蛔虫症) appendicitis(阑尾炎) diagnosis Etilogical diagnosis found characteristic egg in feces; Adult in feces juveniles(幼虫) in sputum Immulogical diagnosis epidemiology Geographic distribution: worldwide Factors of high prevalence: Simple life cycle and produce large numbers of egg Strong resistance to chemical and environment Stool are use for fertilizer Poor sanitation or Low personal hygiene Prevention and control Treatment patients, carriers Mebendazole(甲苯达唑) Albendazole(阿苯达唑) Good hygiene 毛首鞭形线虫Trichuris trichiura the human whipworm live in the caecum(盲肠)and upper part of the colon(结肠) Morphology of adult Morpholoy of egg 生活史(life cycle) pathogenecity diagnosis Find eggs in feces。 Prevention and control Geograpgic distribution: worldwide treatment 阿苯达唑albendazole 甲苯咪唑mebendazole 钩虫:hookworm Human hookworm 十二指肠钩口线虫(Ancylostoma duodenale)美洲板口线虫(Necato
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