基于单片机孵化箱温湿度控制.doc

摘 要 孵化设备是仿生学的一种应用，模拟自然界的孵化环境，提供胚胎发育适宜的条件，用于家禽种蛋的孵化。当前孵化设备的不足之处在于:控温与控湿精度不高;以单机孵化设备为主，导致孵化管理效率不高;孵化设备价格普遍较高。本文立足于这些不足，设计了多孵化箱温湿度测控系统。介绍了国内外孵化设备的现状及发展方向，并提出利用串行通讯口设计低成本多孵化箱测控系统的研究思路。介绍了孵化原理和条件方面的内容，并参考孵化行业的技术标准确定了本系统的设计指标。然后进行了以单片机为核心的硬件电路设计: 1.为了测温的准确性和成本控制，采用数字式单总线温度传感器DS18B20，在孵化箱内设置多个测温点;利用HS1101搭建频率电路检测孵化箱内的湿度。 2.设计了现场数据实时显示电路，16位数码管实时显示孵化箱内现场状态:设定温度，当前温度，设定湿度，当前湿度，加热状态，加湿状态，翻蛋状态等。 3.以光电耦合器TLP521和功率驱动芯片ULN2803AG以及继电器设计了输出控制部分电路。该电路运行稳定，对单片机主电路无干扰。 设计了温湿度模糊控制算法。将孵化箱分解为三个独立的子系统:温度控制子 系统，湿度控制子系统和风门控制子系统。温度是孵化的第一也是最重要的条件。 选择温度一风门联控为主，湿度一风门联控为辅的模糊控制算法。 编制了单片机驱动硬件的C语言程序和上位机管理软件。设计了孵化模拟箱并进行了系统试验验证。 实验结果表明，本系统能实现温度误差0.1℃，湿度误差15%RH以内的孵化控制，可以用一台上位PC机实现多个孵化箱的集散控制。该系统成本低廉，适合中等孵化场的孵化控制需要。 关键词:孵化箱，单片机，上位机，温湿度，模糊控制 ABSTRACT Along with the rapid development of electronic, computer and control technology,Agricultural automation has developed to a new stage. Hatch measuring and control system is one of the applications of the bionies.It imitates the natural hatching environment and provides the fitting condition of the embryo upgrowth. This article based on this deficiency and designed measuring and controlling system for temperature and humidity in mufti incubators based on MCU. The current situation and development direction of hatching systems inside and outside the country were described. Introduced the hatching principle designed technical standard of the system referred to the hatching profession carried out the hardware circuit design. 1. For the accuracy of temperature measurement and the cost control, use digital single data line temperature sensor DS18B20, establishes many temperature measurement spots; Using HS1101 to build frequency electric circuit to examine humidity. 2. Designed real time data display electric circuit to display incubator condition: Thehypothesis temperature, the current temperature, the hypothesis humidity, the current，humidity, the heating condition, wet-adding condition, egg-turning condition. 3. Designed the output control circuits by