chaponeoutlineofgeneengineering.ppt

1.1 Introduction 一. Meanings of gene engineering After strictly designing, using various methods (such as DNA recombination and transfer) to change hereditary traits or produce biological products as we hoped in short time. 优点：打破物种界限，使遗传信息在不同物种间进行重组和转移 Examples The first transgenic mouse was born in 1982, it is the first transgenic organism. The gene of growth hormone(生长激素) of white rat was transferred into the mouse, so the transgenic mouse is as large again as the normal mouse. The green fluorescent protein transgenic mouse, shown here under a black light with two less illuminating companions The first transgenic milk cow was born in China which was transferred a fucose transferase gene of human being in 2003, the milk produced by the milk cow contains the fucose transferase which can be used as medicine for stomach trouble. 二、基因工程的理论基础 1、不同基因具有相同的物质基础： All of the genes of all kinds of biological species, such as human being,bacteria, animal,plant et al. consist of a fragment of DNA which has genetic function and special sequence of nucleotide. DNA consist of four kinds of nucleotides Nucleotide consist of phosphate, pentose, four kinds of bases Double helix is the secondary structure of DNA of all kinds of biological species. 三、基因工程的基本技术路线 四、History of gene engineering 1、准备阶段 1944，Avery proved that DNA was the genetic substance , DNA is the carrier of gene. 1953, Watson and Crick: put forward DNA double helix(双螺旋) structure model. 1958-1971, The Central dogma (中心法则) of molecular biology was put forward，genetic code was broken. 60’s-70’s, The endonuclease and DNA ligase were found, and the plasmid was used as vector to carry gene into the receptor cell. 2、基因工程的问世 In 1973, Cohen recombined a DNA fragment of ribosome gene of Africa xenopus laevis with plasmid pSC101 , and then transferred the recombination plasmid DNA into E. coli., the recombination DNA was transcribed into mRNA. ribosome gene of Africa xenopus laevis 非洲爪蟾核糖体基因 A lot o