初中英语并列句.docVIP

并列句 (一)何谓并列结构 一个英语句子有时候具有两个或两个以上相互连接而又属于同一层次即具有相同句法功能的语言结构，这种结构称为并列结构。并列结构通常用并列连词来连接两个或两个以上平行的词、词组或分词： Are we to have the speech contest today or tomorrow?(并列连词or连接两个平行的单词) You can go to Beijing either by train or by plane. (并列连词either…or连接两个平行的词组) Hurry up, or we shall be late for the lecture. (or连接两句分句) 并列成分有时候不用逗号而用连词加以连接；一般讲，逗号用来连接平行的单词居多： Fuel, rice, oil, salt——these are chief daily necessities of life. (柴米油盐——这些是主要的生活日用品。) 在现代英语里，逗号常被用来连接两个短的独立分句，如He is absent, he is ill. 实际上，这两个简短的独立分句含有因果关系，这个逗号等于从属连词because，用逗号来取代使引文更为简炼。 (二)并列连词和连接性副词的区别 引导并列结构的并列连词有and, or, but, so, for, nor等，并列连词包括关联连词both…and, either…or，neither…nor，not only…but also, as well as, as much as等。并列连词也包括连接性副词，如however, hence, therefore, besides, moreover, yet, anyway, consequently, still, nevertheless, all the same等。但并列连词和连接性副词存在着如下的区别： 1. 位置上的区别 连接两个独立的分句时，并列连词的位置只能放在它所引导的分句句首，前面通常有逗号： Lopez left For Woodside(美新译西州一城市)the day before yesterday, and he wont be back till the end of the month. I must work harder, for I still have a long way to go. Pay him back, or he will bring a suit against you. (快还他钱，不然他要向你起诉。)They all went, but I didnt(go). 连接性副词的位置较灵活，既可放在句首，也可位于句中或句末、但以置于句首居多： Father is ill; therefore ，he doesnt go to work today. 置于句首 Father is ill; he, therefore， doesnt go to work today. 置于句首 Father is ill; he doesnt go work today, therefore. 置于句末 2. 用法的区别 两个并列连词不可以连用： Oscar and I go to the club every Saturday evening, and but we play bridge there. (根据句意，应把but划掉。) 但并列连词却可以和连接性副词连用： He is not in favor of the plan, and yet he raised no objection. (三)一些常见并列连词的用法 1. and (1)表示动作或事物的先后 I heard a crash and went out to see what had happened. The pictures and the sound are relayed by the communication satellites. And they are received in all parts of the world. 注意，and也可置于独立分开的分句句首。 (2)表示意义上的增补 The relations between the two countries are improving: a trade agree——ment has been signed and a cultural exchange(has b