写作篇 Chapter Three Composition Writing Process.pptVIP

* Part Two Essay Writing Chapter 3 The Composition Writing Process I. Introduction II. Prewriting Planning (Outlining)— the Second Stage Stage III— Writing and Revising I. Introduction Style Purpose Audience Basic Elements Audience Knowing your audience will help you to communicate clearly and effectively Purpose Determines the rhetorical forms: persuasive essay and expository essay will be organized in different ways Style Your manner of expression— choice of words, grammatical structures length of sentences serious, amusing, personal, impersonal I. Introduction It is important to note that writing is a process, not a “product.” This means that a piece of writing, whether it is a composition for your English class or a lab report for your chemistry class, is never complete; that is, it is always possible to review and revise, and review and revise again. 1. Choosing and Narrowing a Topic If you are given a specific writing assignment (such as an essay question on an examination), what you can write about is limited. On the other hand, when you are given a free choice of topics and can write about something you are interested in, you must narrow the topic to a particular aspect of that general subject. II. Prewriting II. Prewriting Writing Process — Stage I: Prewriting Step 1: Choosing and Narrowing a Topic General topic Specific topic Very specific topic Environment Pollution Ocean Pollution Effects on Sea Life Oil Spills II. Prewriting 2. Brainstorming After you have chosen a topic and narrowed it to a specific focus, the next prewriting step is to generate ideas. This is done by a process called brainstorming. Although these brainstorming activities may seem unnecessary at first, after doing them a few times, you will realize their usefulness. Brainstorming for idea s can get you to start writing more quickly and save you time in the later stages of the writing process. Listing is a brainsto