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英语语音第二讲张桂珍.ppt
20130607 Word Stress in English The most important syllable in a word is the stressed syllable, the primary cue for identifying the word. Word stress: communicatively important and teachable Word stress: bridging the continuum between segmentals and suprasegmentals English Pronunciation in Communication starts from the learning of stress (See Unit 1) 1. Levels of Stress in English Words Stressed syllable : Unstressed syllable primary stress major stress heavy stress stressed syllable Secondary/minor stress Stressed and unstressed syllables can be distinguished by differences in length, pitch, loudness, or vowel quality. English makes use of all these distinctions. 2. Stress Placement in English Words Misplaced stress — can make a word unrecognizable and completely disrupt the speaker’s message The rules for English stress placement are complex because English has borrowed many words from other languages. There are some general, teachable principles which help students at all levels to predict the stressed syllable. 3. Notations for Stress and Syllables 4. Student Problems with Word Stress Two general difficulties How different levels of word stress are realized in English Which syllable to stress in a word 5. Tips for Teaching Word Stress with Exercises and Activities Show the difference between stressed and unstressed syllables. Present sets of words with the same stress patterns. Emphasize the length of stressed vowels. Point out vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. Teach classes of words that have predictable stress patterns. Specific Features of Word Stress Primary Stress Vowels with primary stress are longer and louder than unstressed vowels. In citation form, the stressed vowel is also pronounced on a higher pitch, In connected speech, high pitch may be down-stepped if the word does not present important information. The long duration of English stressed vowels is unfamiliar to Chinese EFL learners, and therefore, n
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