三级英语考试翻译技巧.docVIP

第五个题型：翻译 从2003年10月份开始，北京市成人三级英语统考，增加了英汉互译这个题型。新修订的三级英语考试大纲对翻译技巧的要求是： 汉译英：能将内容熟悉的汉语译成英语，没有重大语言错误，语速为每小时二百五十个单词。 英译汉翻译 1． 英译汉是前面阅读理解中划线的五个句子，相对容易，根据上下文翻译。 从宏观来讲，英译汉的过程包括理解、表达、校对三个阶段。理解就是要通读全文，分析划线部分的句子结构，并理解其含义；表达就是在理解的基础上进行直译或意译。 1．直译 例1：In the first place, television is not only a convenience source of entertainment, but also a comparatively cheap one. 例2：He didn’t buy that coat yesterday because he hadn’t enough money. ２．意译: 意译的句子就需要我们把句子做相应的调整，必须在正确理解的基础上重新遣辞造句，甚至要改变原来的句子结构，然后把原文的意思通顺地译下来。 例1：A solid fuel, like coal or wood, can only burn at the surface, where it comes into contact with the air. 例 2：Computers, which have many advantages, can not carry out creative work and replace man. 例3：They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which many Chinese have laid down their lives. ３．直译和意译组合。 句子结构基本保持不变，要改变的往往是个别的句子成分。 例1：The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place. even greater security）。 2：We can surely overcome these difficulties so long as we are closely united. 英译汉微观的翻译技巧： 1、选词用字：指的是对原文正确理解的基础上，选择正确的用词。 1：His eyes sparked with fury. spark （名词）火花，火星。 fury 他两眼冒着怒火。 例2：Every life has its roses and thorns. rose thorn 刺，荆棘。 生活有苦也有甜。 2、增益法：主要是指增加原文中无其形而有其意的字。 1：The war made a man of him. make a……of sb 战争把他锻炼成一个堂堂的男人。 例2：Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. 例3：We won’t attack unless attacked. unless后面省略了we are.翻译的时候同样要补充上。 3、省略法：根据需要省略形式主语、形式宾语、系动词、代词、连词、冠词、以及重复的名词、动词等。 1：Off with your shoes before entering this holy building! 例2： We agreed in this article but not in that one. 例3：It will be all right, if he’s awake. And if not? 4、词类转换法，指把原文当中词的词性译成中文时转换成其它词性。 1：In fact, he is a great admirer of the Americans. great形容词变成副词；admirer 名词变成动词。 例2：I didn’t see what he meant. mean动词变成名词。 例3：There is no escaping from history. escaping 词性是动名词变成动词。