The Professional English for Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials(无机非金属专业一些专业词汇).docVIP

The Professional English for Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials A. Translation We define ceramics as the art and science of making and using solid articles which have as their essential component ,and are composed in large part of, inorganic nonmetallic materials. 我们把陶瓷学定义为制造和应用由无机非金属材料作为基本组分组成的固体制品的技术和科学。 The origination of novel ceramic materials and new methods of manufacture requires us to take a fundamental approach to the art and science and a broad view of the field. 新颖的陶瓷材料和新的制造方法的出现，要求我们对这种技艺和科学进行基础性的探讨，并且要对相关领域有更广泛的认识。 Perhaps even more important than being useful or necessary of themselves are those situations in which the feasibility or effectiveness of a large system depends critically on its ceramic components. 也许比陶瓷本身的实用性或必要性更为重要的是，一个大的系统是否切实可行或有效，在很大程度上取决于这一系统中所使用的陶瓷组件。 This leverage in the importance of ceramic materials has in many cases led to intensive research toward a better understanding of properties, often out of all proportion to their dollar value. 在很多情况下，陶瓷材料所具有的举足轻重的地位导致了对其进行深入的研究，以便更好地了解它的性能。陶瓷材料的重要性经常远远超过了它们的经济价值。 One is to use fine ceramic particles mixed with a liquid or binder or lubricant or pore spaces, a combination that has rheological properties (classically the plasticity of a clay-water mixture) which permit shaping .Then by heat treatment the fine particles are agglomerated into a cohesive , useful product. The essentials of this procedure are first to find or prepare fine particles, shape them , and then stick them back together by heating. The second basic process is to melt the material to form a liquid and then shape it during cooling and solidification, this is most widely practiced in forming glasses. 一种是用细颗粒陶瓷原料拌以液体或黏结剂或润滑剂或气体空隙，这样的混合物具有利于成形的流变性质（在经典方法中是黏土－水混合物的可塑性）；这些细颗粒经热处理后可以凝结成为黏合的有用制品。这种工艺的要点是首先寻求或制备细小的粉粒，将其成形，然后经焙烧将其黏结在一直。第二种基本工艺是将原料熔融成液体，然后在冷却和固体时成形；这种工艺非常广泛地应用于成形玻璃制品。 The mineralogic characteristic of such materials and therefore their ceramic properties are subject to wide variation am