高等数学在中学数学解题中的应用详解.docVIP

摘 要 美国数学家哈尔莫斯认为，问题是数学的心脏。对于学校的数学教学来说，问题也是它的心脏。在数学教学中，“解题”是一种最基本的活动形式，无论是数学概念的形成，数学命题的掌握，数学方法与技能的获得，还是学生能力的培养与发展，都要通过解题活动来完成。“解题”也是评价学生认知水平的重要手段。波利亚认为，掌握数学就意味着善于解题，解题是智力的特殊成就，数学教学的本质在于使学生学会解数学题，数学教师的首要责任是发展学生解决问题的能力。解题是中学数学教师的基本功之一，也是高师数学专业学生专业素质的重要体现。 现在高师数学专业的许多学生在中学数学解题方面的能力普遍较低，呈明显的下降趋势。分析其成因，主要原因是：(1)大学生对初等数学课程不重视；(2)缺乏中学数学与高等数学的联系；(3)高校教师的教学方法欠妥；(4)学生的主体意识不强。本文提出培养高师数学专业学生中学数学解题能力可以从以下方面入手：(1)利用高等数学知识提高中学数学解题能力；(2)控制学生初等数学知识的遗忘；(3)培养中学生自主学习能力；(4)加强解题训练；(5)充分发挥高等数学对中学数学教师的作用。这些培养途径对数学专业的师范生毕业后能尽快胜任中学数学教学的任务，对于进一步反思和改革职前中学数学老师的培养方式和课程设置有现实意义和实践价值。 关键词：高等数学，解题，中学数学，发展 Application of higher mathematics in middle school mathematics problem-solving Abstract：American mathematician Hal moss thinks, the problem is the heart of mathematics. For the schools mathematics teaching, the problem is the heart of it. In mathematics teaching, problem solving is one of the most basic forms of activities, whether the formation of mathematical concepts, mathematical proposition, mathematical method and the acquisition of skills, or student ability training and development, and should be done through the problem solving activity. Problem solving is also an important means of evaluating students cognitive level. Polya thinks, to master mathematics means good at problem solving, problem solving is a special intellectual achievements, the essence of mathematics teaching is to make students learn to mathematical problem solving, mathematics teachers primary responsibility is to develop students ability to solve the problem. Problem solving is one of the middle school mathematics teachers basic skills, also is the important of students professional quality of mathematics in normal universities. Now many of the students of mathematics in normal universities in the middle school mathematics problem-solving ability is generally low, a significant decline in. Analysis of the causes, the main reason