我国城市房屋拆迁制度中若干问题与研究.doc

摘 要 　　　　 城市房屋拆迁制度是我国特有的一项法律制度，它是指拆迁人依法对城市规划区内国有土地上的房屋予以拆除，对被拆除房屋的所有人或者使用人予以迁移安置，并对被拆迁房屋的所有人予以经济补偿的制度。该制度的产生根源于我国土地所有权与使用权的分离。 　　我国的城市房屋拆迁制度在本质上也是国家对私有财产的征收，其前提条件应是拆迁人对被拆迁人给予相应补偿。正是因为补偿的不到位，使得被拆迁人的合法权益得不到保障，并且在实践中酿成了多起惨痛事件。 　　我国城市房屋拆迁制度在公共利益概念的界定、拆迁程序、拆迁补偿以及法律事后救济等方面存在的问题，使其成为我国经济生活中争议最大、纠纷最多的一项制度。 　　本文建议从国家立法层面对公共利益进行界定，并在涉及具体问题时对公共利益进行列举，以避免在现实中对公共利益的滥用。 　　在拆迁程序上，建议引进拆迁听证程序、完善被拆迁房屋市场价格评估程序并规范强制拆迁程序。 　　在拆迁补偿方面，建议建立补偿听证程序，确定合理补偿标准、制定合理评估方法，保护好被拆迁人的合法权益。 　　在拆迁事后救济方面，主张进一步发挥司法救济的优势，畅通民事诉讼渠道，扩大司法变更权，以加强对行政行为的约束。 关键词：城市房屋拆迁 公共利益 救济 Abstract The Demolition of the Civic House System is a specific legal system in China, which meas demolishing the houses on the state-owned land in the city programming areas, settling the owners or the users of the houses, and compensating them in finance. This system derives from the separation of the properth and the right of using the land in China. The Demolition of the Civic House System is the levy of the private property in nature. The precondition is to compensate the owners in finance. Just because the compensation is out of phase, owners’ legitimate rights and interests can’t be guaranteed. In practice many agonizing incidents about that took place. The Demolition of the Civic House System is in dispute and becomes the most complicated system in such aspects as the defination of public interests, the demolition procedure, the demolition compensation and the ex-post relief. This thesis suggests defining public interests from lesislation and lists the public interests in details to avoid abusing the public interests in pratice. In the demolition procedure this thesis suggests introducing the demolition hearing of witness procedure, imporving the appraisal procedure and standardizing the constraint demolition procedure. In the demolition compensation this thesis suggests establishing the compensation hearing of witness procedure, formulaing rational demolition criterion and appraisal programmes, and protecting the owners’ legit