全国硕士研究生入学英语考试 翻译讲义.docVIP

阅读第三部分：翻译讲义 第部分一、大纲考查要求 　　08年大纲对题型要求： 翻译题型历史研究方法宇宙膨胀说 2．评分标准 1如果句子译文扭曲原文意思，该句得分最多不得超过 0.5 分。 2如果某考生给出两种或两种以上的译法，若均正确，给分；若其中一种译法错误，不给分。 3汉语错别字，不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5 分。 翻译步骤真题至上，“译”步三分如果说基础阶段做翻译的最好练习材料是历年考研阅读真题的话，到强化复习阶段，最好的就是考研历年的翻译真题。因为考研翻译每年只有5个长难句的真题，所以，留到现在的强化复习阶段，每年的5个句子就是发挥重要作用的时候了。 翻译练习步骤1用20分钟里面的3—5分钟来“模拟考试，写出译文”。 翻译练习步骤2用20分钟里面的10—12分钟来“精雕细琢，自我提高”。 翻译练习步骤3用20分钟里面的大约5分钟左右来“比对答案，查找问题”。第部分Example 1 The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. (1) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. (2) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful. (3) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages. Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. (4) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because the structure of habi