Schools of teaching methods.pptVIP

Schools of Teaching Method Schools of different teaching methods Grammar-Translation method (traditional method) Direct method The Reading method Audio-lingual approach Audio-visual approach Cognitive approach Functional approach Total Physical Response Natural Approach Conscious practice Suggestopedia Silent Way Grammar-Translation method Principal features This method emphasizes the teaching of the second language grammar; its principal practice technique is translation from and into target language. Representative Heinrich Ollendorff, German linguist. Grammar-Translation method Objectives Grammar-translation lays little or no emphasis on the speaking of the second language or listening to second language speech; it is a mainly book-oriented method of working our and learning the grammatical system of the language. Teaching techniques The language is presented in short grammatical chapters or lessons each containing a few grammar points or rules which are set our and illustrated by examples. Memorize rules and vocabulary, exercises, no systematic approach Problem-solving Grammar-Translation method Assessment: Translation (taking the first language as a reference system) is important; it can play a certain part in language learning; formal feature of the second language and translation as a practice technique put the learner into an active problem –solving situation. Overemphasis on the language as a mass of rules; limited practice techniques; mechanic memorization; lack of coherence. 语法－翻译法（Grammar-Translation Method） 　　语法－翻译法是最古老的外语教学法，已有几百年的历史。它盛行于18世纪末，代表人物是奥伦多夫（H．G．Ollendoff）。古老的翻译法、语法法和词汇－翻译法都属于同一类方法。它最初用来学习古希腊文和拉丁文这类死的语言，后来用来学习现代外语（本世纪初，这种教学法在许多国家的外语教学中占主导地位。我国解放初期的外语级学，特别是俄语教学，大都采用这种方法。　　语法－翻译法的基本特点可以归结为以下几个方面：　　l．教授语法学家所确定的所谓“规范”的语言，所使用的语言材料多以古老和过时的例句为主。　　2．注重书面语，不注重口语。　　3．语法的讲解不仅注重规则的东西，而且十分注重不规则的东西。　　4．课堂教学使用本族语。　　5．教学方法以翻译为主，通过大量笔头翻译和写作练习来检验语法规则掌握情况。 　　教学过程一般是：先教字母的发音和书写，然后系统地教语法，最后阅读原文。语法课的安排顺序如下：　　1．先讲词法，后讲语法。　　2．用演绎法讲授语法规则，即先讲语法规则