Unit04時態與語態.pptVIP

時態與語態 三民書局提供 4-5 被動語態 基本概念 語態能表達出主語和述語的關係，分為主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示「主詞是執行動作者」，被動語態表示「主詞是接受動作者」。主動語態改改為被動語態時，要將原來的受詞改為新的主詞，形成 be動詞+過去分詞 (V-en) (+ by +動作執行者)。 [主動語態] A (S) + V + B (O). [被動語態] B (新S) + be V-en + (by + A). 例句 [主動語態] Farmers plant rice in Taiwan. 在臺灣，農夫種稻。 [被動語態] Rice is planted by farmers in Taiwan. 用法 說明 範例 要強調動作的接受者。 ☆ The gardener planted the flowers. 園丁種花。 →The flowers were planted by the gardener. 花被園丁種。 動作的執行者不明確或不必提出時，可以省略「by +執行者」。 ☆ Someone broke the window. 有人打破窗戶。 → The window was broken. 窗戶被打破了。 ☆ Some workers repaired the road. 有些工人在修路。 → The road was repaired (by some workers). 路被(工人)修好了。 做客觀的說明時。 ☆ It was reported that thirty people were killed in the terrorist attack. 據報導，三十人死於恐怖攻擊。 注意 動詞片語如 put off、look after 等，在被動語態中，需視為一體，不可省略介系詞。☆ The deadline of this paper was put off. 這篇論文的繳交期限延後了。☆ The children are looked after by their grandmother. 孩子們由祖母照顧。 4-5-1 簡單式的被動語態 簡單進行式的被動語態由 be動詞 + 過去分詞 (V-en) 構成，表示「動作被執行」，可分為現在式的被動語態、過去式的被動語態與未來式的被動語態。 句型：現在式的被動語態：am/are/is +過去分詞(V-en) ☆ Judy collects coffee mugs. Judy收集咖啡馬克杯。 → Coffee mugs are collected by Judy. 咖啡馬克杯被Judy 收集☆ Mrs. Wang cleans the house every day. 王太太每天打掃房子。 → The house is cleaned (by Mrs. Wang) every day. 房子每天被(王太太)打掃。 句型：過去式的被動語態：was/were +過去分詞 (V-en) ☆ They painted the room blue. 他們把房間漆成藍色。 → The room was painted blue (by them). 房間被(他們)漆成藍色。☆ Sarah ate the cake. Sarah吃掉蛋糕。 → The cake was eaten (by Sarah). 蛋糕被(Sarah)吃掉了。 句型：未來式的被動語態：will + be +過去分詞 (V-en) ☆ The government will build a museum in this city. 政府將會在這個城市蓋一座博物館。 → A museum will be built in this city (by the government). 一座博物館將會被蓋在這個城市。☆ Bell will write a letter to John. Bell將會寫一封信給John。 → A letter will be written to John (by Bell). 有一封(Bell寫的)信將會給 John。 Try